Flying Dragons: The South Vietnamese Air Force
Flying Dragons: The South Vietnamese Air Force
South Vietnam Air Force
2018年06月08日
ベトナム空軍では、他の西側諸国と同様に、航空機の機首に
ノーズアートが描かれている例がいくつかありましたが、
中でも特によく知られているのが、
グエン・カオ・キ中将
(後の副総統)の直接指揮下にあった第 83 特殊作戦航空団『※ 神風
部隊
(Biệt Đoàn Thần Phong)』のものだと思います。この神風
部隊
では少なくとも以下の二種類の特徴的な
ノーズアートがA-1スカイレイダー攻撃機の機首右側面に描かれていました。
※ 日本の神風特攻隊とは関係ありません。
※ なお、この
神風
部隊
は特殊作戦を専門とする『空の特殊部隊』であったからか、
本来国籍マークが入るはずの機体胴体側面には部隊のシンボルマークがペインいる点が
他の
部隊
の機体ペイントとは大きく異なります。
この二つの漢字のような梵字のようなよく分からない
図形
の正体については、僕自身長年把握できておらず、たぶんチュノム(ベトナム語表記にローマ字＝クォックグーが採用される以前に使われていた漢字を基にした表語文字)の一種なのかな、くらいに考えていました。ところがある日、さるベトナム空軍研究家にこのノーズアートについて話を振ったところ、即座に正解を教えて頂く事が出来ました。
なんでもこの図形はチュノムや特定の言語の文字ではなく、ベトナムの伝統的なカードゲーム『トートン(Tổ tôm)』に描かれた、漢字を基にした記号なのだそうです。
トートンは中国発祥のカードゲーム(紙牌)である『ハンフー(看虎)』から派生したもので、麻雀やトランプのようにいくつかのスート(柄)と数字の組み合わせでデッキが構成されていました。
スートと数字は文字(漢字)と漢数字を組み合わせた
記号で表されており、スートの文字が漢字の部首の偏のように左側に、漢数字が
旁(つくり)のように右側に配置され、その記号自体が一つの漢字のようにデザインされていました。(
チュノムも同様に二つの漢字を組み合わせて一つの文字としていましたが、トートンに用いられたのはチュノムではなく、単なる記号です。)
左側の
スートは、
現在のトートンでは専ら
文(Văn)、索(Sách)、萬 (Vạn) の3つが用いられていますが、過去には升(Xừng)や
[※1]
湯(Thang)
といった文字も使われていたようです。このうち
索と
萬は、もっと後の時代に考案された麻雀(索子と萬子)に受け継がれていますね。
[※ 2]
右側の数字は1～10まであり、一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十と漢数字で表記されています。(十は謎の異字体が使われていますが)<
[2018年6月13日訂正]
1 Thang (湯)は現在でも使われていました。
2
右側に入る
数字は正しくは1～9
であり、一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九と漢数字で表記されています。下のカード一覧の一番右側にある3枚はそれぞれのスートの十ではなく、それぞれÔng Cụ (萬の行)、Chi Chi (文の行)、Thang Thang (策の行)という役を作るのに使う特殊なカードであり、これに各スートの一(萬の一、策の一、文の一)を含めたカード6種のカードが『Yêu』と呼ばれ、麻雀で言うドラのような役割を持っているそうです。
▲現在出回っている一般的なトートンのカード
そしてこの中で、神風
部隊にノーズアートとして描かれたのは、
『升の九(Cửu Xừng)』と『索の九(Cửu Sách)
』
になります。
※ なお
Robert C Mikesh著『
Flying Dragons: The South Vietnamese Air Force
』には、
神風
部隊
では上記の二つに加えて『
萬の九』、『文の九』もマーキングされていたと記述されているそうですが、当時の写真を探してもその実例を確認する事はできませんでした。
実はこれらを調べる過程で、頭を悩ませたのが、『Cửu Xừng』についてでした。先述したように、現在のトートンで用いられているスートは文・索・萬の三つであり、インターネットで調べても、このカードに関する情報はなかなか見つかりませんでした。
しかもかなり文字を崩したデザインなので、元の漢字が何だったかも全く分かりませんでした。
そして、この中の
『升』が、かなり崩されてはいるものの、問題のカードの文字と一致しているように見えます。これでようやく点と点が繋がりました。なお、
漢越辞書によると、『升』という漢字を単にクォックグー表記した場合は『Xừng』ではなく『Thăng』になるようですが、日本人なら知っているように、漢字というものはその時代や地域によって様々な読み方をされる物であり、この場合も
升という漢字が
Xừngと読まれていたのではないかと推測しています。この推測に則り、この記事では
『
Cửu
Xừng』を『
升の九
』と書いています。(もし違っていたらごめんなさい)
ところで、お気付きかも知れませんが、これらのトートンのカードに描かれている人間のイラストは、19世紀の日本人の姿だったりします。その由来はWikipediaによると、フランス植民地時代にマルセイユの玩具メーカー カモワン社(Camoin)が、自社がベトナム向けに生産していたトートンに、日本から輸入された木版画・浮世絵に描かれた日本の庶民の姿をプリントしたのが始まりだそうです。そしてそのカモワン社製トートンがベトナムで広く流通したことで、それらのイラストはトートンの絵柄として定着し、100年以上経った現在でも変わらずに使われ続けているそうです。
では、なぜカモワン社はベトナム人向けのカードゲームに日本の木版画のイラストを採用したのかと言いますと、具体的には説明されていません。しかしおそらくは、当時フランスでは日本から輸入された木版画・浮世絵などの『エキゾチック』な芸術作品が人気を博し、『ジャポニスム(Japonisme)』と呼ばれる流行が発生したため、デザイン業界でも浮世絵に描かれた『オリエント』なモチーフを取り入れられた事がその一因であろうと推察できます。また、当時ほとんどの西洋人はベトナムも日本も中国も一括りにアジア、オリエントと見做しており、それぞれの文化の違いなど気にしなかったため、両国の文化は混同され、ベトナム向けのカードゲームに浮世絵のイラストが採用されたのだろうと僕は思っています。
余談ですが、『オリエンタリズム(Orientalisme)』という言葉に代表される、
このような当時のフランス人(およびほとんどの西洋人)が持っていた『想像上の』アジアへの憧憬、そして偏見は、つい半世紀前まで続いていた欧米諸国によるアジアへの植民地支配、帝国主義と深く結びついた概念でもありました。
ただし、異国の文化についての誤解は、なにも西洋人に限った話ではなく、日本人もヨーロッパ諸国それぞれの国の文化の違いを正しく理解している者は少ないでしょうし、もっと言えば日本の周りの国ですら、いまだにあまりよく分かっていません。過去には、自国中心の偏見に満ちたアジア観を基に周辺国への領土拡大と統治を行い、大変な反発と遺恨を生じさせた事実は日本人なら誰もが知っておくべき事柄です。また現在でも、例えば日本のテレビ番組ではしばしば、海外で日本の文化がいかに誤解されているかを取り上げていますが、では日本にある外国料理は？日本人が話す外来語やカタカナ英語は本来の意味で使われているのか？と思い返してみれば、他人の事は言えないですよね。
さらに言えば、マスメディアやインターネットでは、タイと台湾は当然のように(反日の対義語として)『親日国』として語られますが、では実際、所謂『反日国』や、それ以外の国々とどれほど違うかと言いますと、実はそんなに変わらないと僕は思っています。第二次大戦において日本と戦ったアメリカ・イギリス・オランダ・オーストラリア・
フランスはもちろん、日本軍の恫喝によって軍政下に置かれたタイや、長く中国国民党政権が続いた台湾でも、大戦中の日本軍を好意的に見ている人はほとんど居ないです。一方
、戦後日本が育んだ食事や音楽などの文化、工業・医療製品については、世界の大半の国々、そして日本で『反日』と呼ばれる中国や韓国でも大人気であり、特に中国の小金持ちはこぞって日本に観光に訪れ、帰国後日本に行ったと自慢する事が一種のステータスとなっている感すらあります。
数年前、あるニュース番組で、中国で発行されている『知日』
という情報誌が紹介されていました。その雑誌を編集している僕と同じ世代、1980年代生まれの中国人編集者たちはインタビューの中で、「私たちはこの雑誌で、読者に日本を好きになってもらおうとは思ってはいません。ただ、彼らを好くにせよ嫌うにせよ、まずは相手の本当の姿を知る事が、我々自身にとっても大切な事なのです」という趣旨の言葉を語っていました。その通りだと思います。日本に訪れる中国人観光客が皆こういった意識を持っているとは思っていませんが、少なくとも中国国内にはこういう理知的な人々が居り、彼らの雑誌が人気を博してる事実は、両国の未来にとって歓迎すべきことだと思います。
なお、知日は日本でも買えるようですが、ちょっと良い値段しますし、どうせ中国語読めないのでまだ呼んだ事は無いです。もし日本語訳版を作ってくれたら、是非読んでみたいですね。
militaryblog
Source:
https://ichiban.militaryblog.jp/e928788.html
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
English version
June 08, 2018
Vietnam Air Force Kamikaze-Toton-Ukiyoe
In the Vietnam Air Force, as in other western countries, there were several cases where nose art was drawn on the nose of the aircraft . Among them, one that is particularly well known is General Nguyen Khao Ki (I think that it is the one of the 83rd Special Operation Air Corps “※ Kamikaze unit (Biệt Đoàn Thần Phong)” under direct command of the later vice president. In this Kamikaze unit, at least the following two types of distinctive nose art were drawn on the right side of the nose of the A-1 Sky Raider attack aircraft.
※ It has nothing to do with the Japanese Kamikaze Squadron.
※ In addition, this kamikaze troops or because was "empty of special forces", which specializes in special operations, is that the symbol of the forces are pane to the aircraft fuselage side of the supposed original nationality mark to enter other units of aircraft It is very different from paint.
I have not been able to figure out the identity of these two kanji-like cryptic figures for a long time, but I have probably not been able to grasp for many years, and maybe chunom (the kanji character used before Roman = Quoc I thought about whether it is a kind of ideographic character based on. However, one day, I talked with the Vietnamese Air Force researcher about this nose art, and I was able to immediately tell the correct answer.
This figure is not a character of Chunom or a specific language, but it is a kanji-based symbol drawn in the traditional card game of Vietnam "Tổtôm".
Towton was derived from "Han-fu", a card game originated in China, and the deck was made up of a combination of several suits (patterns) and numbers like mahjong and playing cards. .
The suit and the number are represented by a symbol combining a letter (kanji) and a Chinese numeral, and the letter of the suit is placed on the left like the radical of the kanji, the Chinese numeral placed on the right like a chi (making) The symbol itself was designed like a single kanji. ( Chunom also combined two kanji in the same way to make it a single character, but what was used for Tohton was not a chinom but a mere symbol.)
On the left side of the suit, there are three sentences (Văn), cords (Sách) and ạ (Vạn) exclusively in the present Toton, but in the past 升 (Xừng) and [※ 1]Hot water (Thang)It seems that letters such as were also used. Of these, cords and plows are handed down to mahjongs (cots and dumplings) that were invented at a later time. [* 2] The numbers on the right are from 1 to 10 and are written in one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, and Chinese numbers. (Although a mysterious variant is used)
[Corrected on June 13, 2018]
※ 1 Thang (hot water) was still used today.
※ 2 enter on the right side numbers are correct 1 to 9 are, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, have been expressed in nine and a Chinese numeral. The three cards on the far right of the card list below are not for each suit but for役 ng C 役 (萬 row), Chi Chi (statement row), and Thang Thang (measure row) respectively. A special card to be used for the six cards, including one of each suit (one, one, one, one sentence), called "Y 呼 ば u", like a Dora like in Mahjong It seems to have a role.
Helpful sites: Sân Đình .com (https://chanphom.com/threads/to-tom-tu-tam-tu-dac-thanh-nhat-phu.500/page-2)
ト ー General Towton cards currently on the market
And in this, kamikaze troops were drawn as nose art, the "squares of nine (Cuu Xung)" and "search of nine (Cuu Sach)" will be.
※ In addition, it is described in Robert C Mikesh's "Flying Dragons: The South Vietnamese Air Force" that "Kinou 9" and "Sen 9" were also marked in addition to the above in the Kamikaze unit However, even if I searched for a photo at that time, I could not confirm that example.
In fact, it was about " Cửu Xừng " that bothered my head in the process of examining these . As mentioned earlier, there are three sets of sentences used in Toton in the present, and sentences, a search, and a bag, and even if it searches on the Internet, the information about this card was not found easily. Moreover, because it was a design that broke the text considerably, I did not know at all what the original kanji was.
What further confounded me was the information from the Vietnamese that this Qo Quo written in kanji is "S ừng". According to the results, this was a mistake, and it was a mistake in writing "X ừng" that makes almost the same pronunciation. I examined kanji and chunom notation of S ừ ng immediately, but the notation is "corner" in kanji, "䈊" in chunom , "not displayable" ( refer to https://jigen.net/kanji/162049 ), , "Not displayable (see https://jigen.net/kanji/162050)", and it looks similar to the characters drawn on the card.
After that, when I received a document from another person with "X ừ ng" and examined the notation, there were no characters corresponding to X ừ ng in the kanji, but there was in Chunom. "It can not be displayed (hyou https://jigen.net/kanji/133567 see)). Although this also looks at first glance a little different from the characters drawn on the card, as mentioned above, Chunom separates to indicate Vietnamese pronunciation which can not be expressed in Chinese kanji. Since the kanji characters are combined into one character, the constituent elements of this chinombecome two kanji, " name" and "升". (Source: Chu Nom.org https://www.chunom.org/pages/209BF/#209BF).
And, although the "升" in this is broken down considerably, it seems to match the character of the card in question. This finally connected the points. According to the Han- Eng dictionary , if the kanji 升 升is simply written in a Qo Kook language, it will be "Th ng ng" instead of " X ừ ng", but as Japanese people know, kanji will be those days And it is a thing to be read in various ways depending on the area, and in this case it is guessed that the kanji named 読 ま was read as X ừ ng. In line with this speculation, in this article is "Cửu the Xừng" "ninth squares am writing with". (I'm sorry if they are different).
By the way, as you may notice, the illustrations of human beings drawn on these Towton cards are the figures of Japanese people of the 19th century. According to Wikipedia, its origin is the Japanese woodblock print and ukiyo-e picture imported from Japan in Toton, which was produced by the toymaker Camoin (Camoin) in Marseille during the French colonial period. It seems that it is the beginning that printed the figure of common people. And by the widespread distribution of Camoin's Tohton in Vietnam, their illustrations have been established as Tohton's pattern and they have been used unchanged for over 100 years.
So why does Kamowan use Japanese woodcut illustrations for card games for Vietnamese people , but it has not been specifically explained. But perhaps, at that time was imported from Japan in France woodcut, "such as Ukiyo-e exotic" is a work of art popular, " since the epidemic called Japonisme (Japonisme)" occurs, depicted in Ukiyo-e also in the design industry It can be guessed that the fact that the "Orient" motif is incorporated is one of the factors. At the time, most Westerners considered Vietnam, Japan and China together as Asia and Orient, and they didn't care about the differences between their cultures, so the cultures of the two countries were confused and a card game for Vietnam I think that Ukiyo-e illustrations have been adopted for.
As an aside, "Orientalism ( Orientalisme) " represented by the word, such at the time French (and most of the Westerners) had "an imaginary" longing to Asia, and prejudice is, with It was also a concept deeply connected with the colonial rule to Asia by Western countries that continued until half century ago, imperialism.
However, misunderstandings about foreign cultures are not limited to Western people, and there are few Japanese people who correctly understand the differences in culture among European countries. Even the countries around Japan still do not understand very well. In the past, it is a matter that everyone in Japan should be aware of the fact that it has expanded territory and led to neighboring countries based on its Asian-centered prejudice with its own country, causing great resistance and regret... Even now, for example, in the Japanese TV program often, overseas pick up what Japanese culture is how misunderstood foreign cuisine, but we, in that there is in Japan? Are foreign languages and katakana English spoken by Japanese people used in their original meaning? If you look back, you can not say other people's things.
Furthermore, in the mass media and the Internet, Thailand and Taiwan are naturally mentioned (as anti-Japanese antiquity) as “pro-Japanese countries”, but in fact, so-called “anti-Japanese countries” and other countries In fact, I think it will not change that much. The United States, Britain, the Netherlands, Australia, France , which fought against Japan in World War II, as well as Thailand, which was under military control by the Japanese armed forces, and Taiwan, where the Chinese Nationalist government continued for a long time, Japanese forces during the war There are few people who are looking at On the other hand, food and music culture, industrial and medical products that Japan developed after the war are very popular in most countries of the world, and in China and Korea, which are called " anti-day" in Japan , especially Chinese small wealthy people. It is a feeling that visiting Japan for sightseeing and being proud to have gone to Japan after returning home has become a kind of status.
Several years ago, a news program featured an information magazine called Chichi published in China . In the interviews with Chinese editors of the same generation as me who edited the magazine and born in the 1980's, "We are thinking that we want readers to like Japan in this magazine. However, whether they like or dislike them, first of all, it is important for us to know the true form of the other party." I think so. I do not think that all Chinese tourists visiting Japan have such awareness, but at least there are such intelligent people in China, and the fact that their magazines have gained popularity is I think it is a welcome thing for the future of both countries.
In addition, Chiday seems to be available in Japan, but it has a good price, and I can not read Chinese anyway, so I have not called it yet. If you make a Japanese translation, I would like to read it.
militaryblog
Source:
Vietnam Air Force Kamikaze-Toton-Ukiyoe
In Vietnam the Air Force, as well as other Western countries, the nose of the aircraft is the nose art, but examples are drawn there were some, that has been known among them particularly well, Nguyen Khao key lieutenant general (I think that it is the one of the 83rd Special Operation Air Corps “※ Kamifu unit (Biệt Đoàn Thần Phong)” under direct command of the later vice president. This kamikaze troops in at least the following two types of distinctive nose art was being drawn on the nose right side of the A-1 Skyraider attack aircraft.
※ It has nothing to do with the Japanese Kamikaze Squadron.
※ In addition, this kamikaze troops or because was "empty of special forces", which specializes in special operations, is that the symbol of the forces are pane to the aircraft fuselage side of the supposed original nationality mark to enter other units of aircraft It is very different from paint.
Well I do not know, such as the Sanskrit characters, such as the two Chinese characters graphic Chinese characters for the identity of the is not able to grasp myself for many years, that was used before the Roman = Kuokkugu is employed Maybe chữ nôm (Vietnamese notation I thought about whether it is a kind of ideographic character based on. However, one day, I talked with the Vietnamese Air Force researcher about this nose art, and I was able to immediately tell the correct answer.
This figure is not a character of Chunom or a specific language, but it is a kanji-based symbol drawn in the traditional card game of Vietnam "Tổtôm".
Towton was derived from "Han-fu", a card game originated in China, and the deck was made up of a combination of several suits (patterns) and numbers like mahjong and playing cards..
Soot and numbers combines with Chinese numeral characters (Kanji)
are represented by the symbol to the left as characters soot polarized kanji radical, Chinese numeral is positioned to the right as parietal (make) The symbol itself was designed like a single kanji. ( Cynom also combined two kanji in the same way, but it was not a cunom but a mere symbol that was used for Tohton.)
The suit on the left is a sentence (Văn) exclusively for the present Tohton There are three types, Sách and Vạn, but in the past, it seems that letters such as Xừng and
[* 1] Hot water (Thang)
were also used. Of this search and I Yorozu has been passed down in Mahjong (Sakuko and Yorozuko) that has been devised in an era of much later.
[※ 2] The numbers on the right are from 1 to 10 and are written in one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, and Chinese numbers. (Although a mysterious variant is used) <
[Corrected on June 13, 2018]
1 Thang (hot water) was still used today.
2 enter the right numbers correctly is 1 to 9 are, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, have been expressed in nine and a Chinese numeral. The three cards on the far right of the card list below are not for each suit but for役 ng C 役 (萬 row), Chi Chi (statement row), and Thang Thang (measure row) respectively. A special card to be used for the six cards, including one of each suit (one, one, one, one sentence), called "Y 呼 ば u", like a Dora like in Mahjong It seems to have a role.
Helpful sites: Sân Đình .com (https://chanphom.com/threads/to-tom-tu-tam-tu-dac-thanh-nhat-phu.500/page-2)
ト ー General Towton cards currently on the market
And in this, kamikaze troops were drawn as nose art, the "squares of nine (Cuu Xung) "and" search of nine (Cuu Sach)" will be.
※ In addition, Robert C Mikesh ' Flying Dragons: The South Vietnamese Air Force '
In addition to the above two, it is said that " Kinou 9" and "Sen 9" are also marked in the Kamikaze unit , but even if you look for a photo at that time, you can not confirm that example did.
In fact, it was about "Cửu Xừng" that bothered my head in the process of examining these. As mentioned earlier, there are three sets of sentences used in Toton in the present, and sentences, a search, and a bag, and even if it searches on the Internet, the information about this card was not found easily. Moreover, because it was a design that broke the text considerably, I did not know at all what the original kanji was.
What further confounded me was the information from the Vietnamese that this Qo Quo written in kanji is "S ừng". As a result, this was a mistake, and it was a mistake in writing "Xừng" that makes almost the same pronunciation. I examined the kanji and chunom notation of Sừ ng immediately, but the notation is "corner" in kanji, "䈊" in chunom, "not displayable" (see https://jigen.net/kanji/162049), "Not displayable (see https://jigen.net/kanji/162050 )", and it looks like the characters drawn on the card are similar.
After that, I received a document from another person saying “X ừng”, and when I checked the notation, there were no characters corresponding to X ừng in the kanji, but there was in Chunom. "It can not be displayed (hyou https://jigen.net/kanji/133567 see)). At first glance, it seems to be quite different from the characters drawn on the card, but as mentioned above, Chunom separates to indicate Vietnamese pronunciation which can not be expressed in Chinese kanji. Since the kanji are combined into one character, the components of this chinom become two kanji, " name" and "升". (Source: Chu Nom.org https://www.chunom.org/pages/209BF/#209BF).
And, although the "升" in this is broken down considerably, it seems to match the character of the card in question. This finally connected the points. In addition, according to the Han-Etsu dictionary, it is likely to be "Th ク ォ ng" instead of "Xừng" when simply kanji written "漢字" is written, but as Japanese people know, kanji are those times And it is a thing to be read in various ways depending on the area, and in this case it is guessed that the kanji 升 was read as Xừng. In line with this speculation, in this article is "Cửu the Xừng" "ninth squares am writing with". (I'm sorry if they are different).
By the way, as you may notice, the illustrations of human beings drawn on these Towton cards are the figures of Japanese people of the 19th century. Its origin is Wikipedia, according to Wikipedia, the toy maker Chamoin (Camoin) of Marseilles during the French colonial era, Japan was drawn in woodcuts and ukiyo-e imported from Japan to Toton, which its company produced for Vietnam It seems that it is the beginning that printed the figure of common people. And by the widespread distribution of Camoin's Tohton in Vietnam, their illustrations have been established as Tohton's pattern and they have been used unchanged for over 100 years.
So why does Kamowan use Japanese woodcut illustrations for card games for Vietnamese people, but it has not been specifically explained. But perhaps, at that time was imported from Japan in France woodcut, "such as Ukiyo-e exotic" is a work of art popular, " since the epidemic called Japonisme (Japonisme)" occurs, depicted in Ukiyo-e also in the design industry It can be guessed that the fact that the "Orient" motif is incorporated is one of the factors. At the time, most Westerners considered Vietnam, Japan and China together as Asia and Orient, and did not care about the differences between their cultures, so the cultures of the two countries were confused and a card game for Vietnam I think that Ukiyo-e illustrations have been adopted for.
As an aside, "Orientalism (Orientalisme)" represented by the word, such at the time French (and most of the Westerners) had "an imaginary" longing to Asia, and prejudice is, with It was also a concept deeply connected to the colonial rule of Asia by Western countries that continued until half century ago, imperialism.
However, misunderstandings about foreign cultures are not limited to Western people, and there are few Japanese people who correctly understand the differences in culture among European countries. Even the countries around Japan still do not understand very well. In the past, it is a matter that everyone in Japan should be aware of the fact that it has expanded territory and led to neighboring countries based on its Asian-centered prejudice with its own country, causing great resistance and regret. . Even now, for example, in the Japanese TV program often , overseas pick up what Japanese culture is how misunderstood foreign cuisine, but we, in that there is in Japan? Are foreign languages and katakana English spoken by Japanese people used in their original meaning? If you look back, you can not say other people's things.
Furthermore, in the mass media and the Internet, Thailand and Taiwan are naturally mentioned (as anti-Japanese antiquity) as “pro-Japanese countries”, but in fact, what is called “anti-Japanese countries” and other countries In fact, I think it will not change that much. The United States, Britain, the Netherlands, Australia, France , which fought Japan in World War II, as well as Thailand, which had been under military control by the Japanese armed forces, and Taiwan, where the Chinese Nationalist Party continued for a long time, Japanese forces during the war. There are few people who are looking at On the other hand , the post-war Japan has fostered's food and culture, such as music, for the industrial and medical products, the world of most of the countries, and in Japan " are very popular in China and South Korea, called the anti-Japanese", especially small rich Chinese gang It is a feeling that visiting Japan for sightseeing and being proud to have gone to Japan after returning home has become a kind of status.
Several years ago, a news program featured an information magazine called Chichi published in China. In the interviews with Chinese editors of the same generation as me who edited the magazine, born in the 1980's, "In this magazine, we are thinking that we want readers to like Japan. However, no matter what they like or dislike, it is important for us to know the true form of the other person's body." I think so. I do not think that all Chinese tourists visiting Japan have such awareness, but at least there are such intelligent people in China, and the fact that their magazines have gained popularity is I think it is a welcome thing for the future of both countries.
In addition, Chiday seems to be available in Japan, but it has a good price, and I can not read Chinese anyway, so I have not called it yet. If you make a Japanese translation, I would like to read it.
military blog
Source:
https://ichiban.militaryblog.jp/e928788.html
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
English version
June 08, 2018
Vietnam Air Force Kamikaze-Toton-Ukiyoe In the Vietnam Air Force, as in other western countries, there were several cases where the art was drawn on the nose of the aircraft. In this Kamikaze unit, at least the following, 83rd Special Operation Air Corps “※ Kamikaze unit (Biệt Đoàn Thần Phong)” under direct command of the latter. Sky Raider attack aircraft. * It has nothing to do with the Japanese Kamikaze Squadron.
In this addition, this kamikaze troops or because was "empty of special forces", which specializes in special operations, is that symbol of the special group of aircrafts to the aircraft side of the posed originality mark to enter other units of aircraft-craft It is Is Very Different From Paint.
I Have Not Been Able To Figure Out The Identity Of These Two Kanji-Like Cryptic Figures For A Long Time, But I Have Probably Not Been Able To Grasp For Many Years, And Maybe Chunom (The Kanji Character Used before Roman = Quoc I thought about when it is a kind of ideographic character based on. How, one day, I talked with the Vietnamese Air force researcher about this nose art, and I was able to immediately tell the correct answer.
Towton was derived from "Han-fu", a card game originated in China, This game is not a character of Chunom or a specific language, but it is a kanji-based symbol drawn in the traditional card game of Vietnam "Tổtôm". And The Deck Was Made Up Of A Combination Of Several Suits (Patterns) And Numbers Like Mahjong And Playing Cards..
The Suit And The Number Are Represented By A Symbol Combining A Letter (Kanji) And A Chinese Numeral, And The Letter Of The (Chunom also combined two kanji in the same way to make it it a suit kanji) on suit symbol suit suit suit suit suit suit suit suit suit suit suit suit suit suit suit suit suit suit suit suit suit suit suit single character, but what was used for Tohton was not a chinom but a mere symbol.)
On the left side of the suit, there are three sentences (Văn), cords (Sách) and ạ (Vạn) exclusively in the present Toton, but in the past 升 (X ừ ng) and [※ 1] Hot water (Thang) It The cords and plows are handed down to mahjongs (cots and dumplings) that were invented at a later time. [* 2] The numbers on the right are from 1 to 10 and are written (Although a mysterious variant is used)
[Corrected on June 13, 2018]
* 1 Thang (hot water) was still in one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, nine, ten, and Chinese numbers. used today.
※ 2 enter on the right side are are 1 to 9 are, one, two, three, four, six, seven, eight, have been expressed in nine and a Chinese decimal. The three cards on the far right of the card list below are not for each suit but for ng C role (萬 row), Chi Chi (statement row), and Thang Thang (measure row) reflectively. A special card to be used for the six cards, including one of each.
Helpful sites: Sân Đình. com (https://chanphom.com/threads ) suit (one, one, one, one sentence), called "Y call u", like a Dora like in Mahjong It seems to have a role. / to-tom-
tu- tam- tu- dach-thanh-nhat-phu. 500 / page 2) General Towton cards currently on the market.
And in this, kamikaze troops were drawn as nose art, the "squares of nine (Cuu Xung) "and" search of nine (Cuu Sach) " will be.
※ In addition, it is described in Robert C Mikesh's "Flying Dragons: The South Vietnamese Air Force" that "Kinou 9" and "Sen 9" were also marked in addition to the above in Kamikaze unit However, even if I searched for A Photo At That Time, I Could Not Confirm That Example.
In Fact, It Was About "Cuu Xung" That Bothered My Head In The Process Of Examining These. As Mentioned Earlier, There Are Three Sets Of Sentences Used In Toton In The Present More over, because it was a design that broke the text considerable, I did not know at all what is, a search, and a bag, and even if it searches on the Internet, the information about this card was not found easily. the original kanji was.
According to the results, this was Qo Quo written in kanji is "S .ng". Acknowledgment to the results, this was a mistake, and it was a mistake in writing "X thatng" that makes almost the same pronciation I examined kanji and chunom notation of S im ng immediate, but the notation is "corner" in kanji, "䈊" in chunom, "not displayable" (refer to https://jigen.net/kanji/162049), "Not displayable (see https://jigen.net/kanji/162050)", and it looks similar to the characters drawn on the card.
After that, when I received a document from another person with "X ng ng" and examined the notation, there were no characters corresponding to X ng ng in the kanji, but there was in Chunom. "It can not be displayed (hyou https : //jigen.net/kanji/133567 see). Although this also looks at first glance a little different from the characters drawn on the card, as mentioned above, Chunom separates to indicate Vietnamese pronounced which can not be expressed in Chinese kanji Since the kanji characters are combined into one character, the constituent elements of this chinombecome two kanji, “name” and “升”. (Source: Chu Nom.org https://www.chunom.org/pages/209BF/# 209BF).
This finally connected to the Han-Eng dictionary, if the kanji 升 is simply written in a. And, although the "升" in this is broken down considerable, it seems to match the character of the card in question. Qo Kook language, it will be "Th ng ng" instead of "X ng ng", but as Japanese people know, kanji will be those days and it is a thing to be read in various ways depending on the area, and in this In line with this speculation, in this article is "Cửu the Xừng" "Ninth squares am writing with". (I'm sorry if they are different) case it is guessed that the kanji named read.
By the way, as you may notice, the illustrations of human beings drawn on these Towton cards are the figures of Japanese people of the 19th century. According to Wikipedia, its origin is the Japanese woodblock print and ukiyo-e picture imported from Japan in It seems that it is the beginning that printed the figure of common people. And by the widespread distribution of Camoin's Tohton in Vietnam, the world of Toho, which was produced by the toymaker Camoin (Camoin) established as Tohton's pattern and they have been used unchanged for over 100 years.
So why does Kamowan use Japanese woodcut illustrations for card games for Vietnamese people, but it has not been specifically explained. But perhaps, at that time was imported from Japan in France woodcut, "such as Ukiyo-e exotic" is a work of art At the time, the most popular, "Since the epidemic called (Japonisme)" occurs, Uchiyo-e also in the design industry It can be guessed that the fact that the "Orient" motif incorporated in one of the factors. Westerners considered Vietnam, Japan and China together as Asia and Orient, and they did not care about the differences between their cultures, so the cultures of the two countries were confused and a card game for Vietnam I think that Ukiyo-e illustrations have be adopted for.
As an aside, "Orientalism (Orientalisme)" Represented by the word, such at the time French (and most of the Westerners) had "an imaginary" long to Asia, and it was also a concept deeply connected with the colonial rule to Asia by Western countries that continued until half century ago, imperialism.
Even the people around Japan still do not understand very well. In the past, it is a matter How the misunderstandings about foreign cultures are not limited to Western people, and there are several Japanese people who correctly understand the differences in culture among European countries. That is in Japan should be aware of the fact that it has expanded territory and led to neighboring countries based on its Asian-centered prejudices with its own country, taking great resistance and regret... Even now, for example, in the Japanese TV If you look back, you can back to you, program can you pick up what Japanese culture is how misunderstood foreign cuisine, but we, in that there is in Japan? Are foreign languages and katakana English spoken by Japanese people used in their original meaning? not say other people's things.
Furthermore, in the mass media and the Internet, Thailand and Taiwan are naturallyioned (as anti-Japanese antiquity) as “pro-Japanese countries”, but in fact, so-called “anti-Japanese countries” and other countries In fact, The United States, Britain, the Netherlands, Australia, which fought against Japan in World War II, as well as Thailand, which was under military control by the Japanese armed forces, and Taiwan, I think it will not change. where the Chinese nationalist government continued for a long time, the Japanese people there are are people who are looking at at the other hand, food and music culture, industrial and medical products that developed at the war are very popular in most countries of the world, and in China and Korea, which are called "anti-day" in Japan,It is a feeling that visiting Japan for visiting and having proud to have after returning home has become a kind of status.
Some years ago, a news program featured an information magazine called Chichi published in China. In the interviews with Chinese editors of the same generation as me who edited the magazine and born in the 1980s, "We are thinking that we want readers to like Japan I do not think that all Chinese tourists visiting Japan have such awareness in this magazine. However, when they like or dislike them, it is important for us to know the true form of the other party, but at least there are such intelligent people in China, and the fact that their magazines have gained popularity is I think it is a welcome thing for the future of countries.
In Addition, Chiday Seems To Be Available In Japan, But It Has A Good Price, And I Can Not Read Chinese Anyway, So I Have Not Called It Yet. If You Make A Japanese Translation, I Would Like To Read It.
Militaryblog
Source:
https://ichiban.militaryblog.jp/e928788.html
Đọc thêm:
Phi Vụ Của Biệt Đoàn Thần Phong
(Không Đoàn 83 Tác Chiến Đặc Biệt) https://vuonlenmai.blogspot.com/2019/04/ phi-vu-
cua-biet-oan-than-phong-khong.html
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