Ngô Việt Đồng Châu
1
2
3
Nước Nam Việt (trong đó có Việt Nam) trước khi Triệu Đà nhà Tần chiếm lĩnh
4
--
Bản đồ nước Nam Việt
Bản đồ khi Hán thu tóm các nước Nam Việt và chia Nam Việt thành chín quận
5
Hai nước Âu Lạc và Nam Việt
Nhiều người không cho Triệu Đà là người Việt. Triệu Đa ông là tướng nhà Tần, ông chỉ muốn tách ra khỏi nhà Tần cho riêng ông, tùng phục nhà Hán, và ông chưa bao giờ muốn làm người Việt, bằng chứng, ông cho di dân người nước Tần sang nước Nam Việt để quân bình dân số hay cho người Tần đông hơn người Nam Việt, và ông đã tạo chiến tranh Nước Nam Việt đánh nhau với Lạc Việt, Âu Việt thay vì cố gắng nuôi dưỡng sức mạnh cho nước Nam Việt và Âu Việt mạnh lên hơn để đánh nhà Hán, mà lại cho Nam Việt đánh với Lạc Việt để nòi Việt yếu đi, rồi cho di dân nhà Tần vào nước Nam Việt.
Hán du mục thị tộc sống trên lưng ngựa, rất giỏi cỡi ngựa và đánh nhau, thiện chiến và hiếu chiến, luôn di chuyển (du mục) để kiếm đất sống gia súc tại các vùng thảo nguyên của phía tây và bắc, giống tạp chủng sống vùng Tạng, Siberia, Thổ và Mông Cổ... trong khi Việt tộc và bách Việt sống theo định cư định canh của văn minh lúa nước vì thế, Việt tộc và bách Việt rất giỏi hải thuyền, sáng tác văn chương, kinh dịch và Việt kịch, tơ tằm dệt lụa là sáng tạo của giống Việt tộc và Bách Việt.
pic. Bai Yue and their descendents - rowling boat - the bronze drum pattern.
Pic. The bronze drum pattern of the Vietnamese rowling boat
Tạo chữ Viết là của Việt tộc và Bách Việt có từ trước đời nhà Hạ, nhà Thang, và tới nhà Chu.
Hán du mục thị tộc đã đánh cắp văn hóa của Việt tộc và tuyên bố đó là của họ. Hán tộc là con cháu của giống Hung, Hung Nô, Thổ (Trung Á), và Mông Cổ, tiên ti, Đông Hồ... Họ đã thống lĩnh qua Trung Á rồi họ bị tàn lụi vì thích gây chiến, tạo chiến tranh, sau cùng chỉ còn vài nhóm hậu duệ của họ, và nhóm này xưng là Hán, giống Hán du mục này chỉ còn một nhúm ít ỏi, họ cho tìm cách cấy giống và lai giống với Việt tộc, mượn văn minh định cư định canh của giống Việt tộc để cứu vãn văn hóa bạo phát và chóng tàn của nòi Hán, Hung, Hung Nô, Thổ, Mông... của họ còn sót lại.
Họ rất độc hại, chiếm được đất mới, họ tạo chiến tranh Bách Việt giết Bách Việt, Dương Việt giết Nam Việt và Nam Việt giết Lạc Việt, và sau cùng chúng mượn chủ thuyết cộng sản của Liên Sô để tiêu diệt giống Việt, Bắc Việt cộng giết Nam Việt cộng Nam Việt cộng giết Việt Nam cộng Hòa, để cuối cùng nay thì Tàu cộng sẽ diệt hết người Việt.
Bây giờ giống Hán đông và nhiều, mạnh và cường hơn giống Việt gấp bội.
The Han campaigns against Minyue
There were a series of three Han military campaigns dispatched against the Minyue state. The first campaign was in response to Minyue's invasion of Eastern Ou in 138 BC. In 135 BC, a second campaign was sent to intervene in a war between Minyue and Nanyue. After the campaign, Minyue was partitioned into Minyue, ruled by a Han proxy king, and Dongyue.
Dongyue was defeated in a third military campaign in 111 BC and the former Minyue territory was annexed by the Han Empire.[1]
The Han campaigns against Minyue were a series of three Han military campaigns dispatched against the Minyue state. The first campaign was in response to Minyue's invasion of Eastern Ou in 138 BC. In 135 BC, a second campaign was sent to intervene in a war between Minyue and Nanyue. After the campaign, Minyue was partitioned into Minyue, ruled by a Han proxy king, and Dongyue. Dongyue was defeated in a third military campaign in 111 BC and the former Minyue territory was annexed by the Han Empire.[1]
Background[edit]
Main article: Qin's campaign against the Yue tribes
The Han dynasty in 87 BC.
Southward expansion of the Han dynasty
• Minyue /Mân Việt
• Nanyue / Nam Việt
• Dian /Điền Việt
• Trung sisters /Ladies Trung (Lạc Việt)
The Qin dynasty's military incursions in the south of what is now China began a period of expansion that continued under the next dynasty, the Han.[2] After the fall of the Qin, Minyue was established in 202 BC, and Eastern Ou in 192 BC, with the support of the Han. They were rewarded with greater autonomy in return for their contributions to the revolt against the Qin. The local rulers of the Minyue region had also sided with Liu Bang's Han instead of Xiang Yu's Chu during the Chu–Han Contention, a civil war that ensued during the collapse of the Qin.[3][4]
Minyue was created by carving out the former Qin province of Minzhong, with Dongye as the capital, into a new kingdom ruled by Zou Wuzhu. A decade later, Zou Yao was granted control over Donghai, popularly referred to as Eastern Ou after the name of the kingdom's capital. The title was bestowed with a declaration by the Han emperor that "Zou Yan, the chief of Min, achieved great merit and his people supported the Han cause". The Han historian Sima Qian claims both rulers were descendants of Goujian, the 5th century BC ruler of Yue. The family had lost their status as rulers during the Qin's wars of unification, when they were demoted to local chieftains.[3][4]
Han–Minyue wars[edit]
Main article: Southward expansion of the Han dynasty
Initial military intervention[edit]
Mural showing cavalry and chariots, from the Dahuting Tomb (Chinese: 打虎亭汉墓, Pinyin: Dahuting Han mu) of the late Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD), located in Zhengzhou, Henan province, China.
In 138 BC, Minyue invaded the Eastern Ou, prompting Eastern Ou to request the intervention of Han forces. The Han court was divided over offering military support. The campaign was opposed by the Han commander-in-chief Tian Fen, who argued that warfare between the Yue tribes occurred frequently and the affairs of Yue were not the responsibility of the Han government.[2][5] The concept of Chinese centrality among nations persuaded the court to dispatch an army. In accordance with Chinese political philosophy, the ruler or Son of Heaven held a mandate that obligated the emperor to help smaller countries in need.[6] Otherwise, as the Han official Zhuang Zhu phrased it, "how could we treat the myriad kingdoms as our children?"[7][5]
A Han naval force led by Zhuang Zhu departed from Shaoxing in northern Zhejiang towards Minyue. The Minyue surrendered before the arrival of the Han troops,[1][5] and withdrew from Eastern Ou.[7] There were plans to move the residents of Eastern Ou to the area between the Huai River and Yangtze River,[1] following a request by the king of Eastern Ou.[8] Second intervention[edit]
Emperor Wu of the Han went to war with the Minyue.
In 135 BC, war broke out when Minyue invaded Nanyue. Zhao Mo, the king of Nanyue, asked for and received the military assistance of the Han. In 180 BC, Zhao had offered to submit as a vassal and the Han agreed, a decision that was partly based on Zhao's ancestral roots in northern China.[9] An army led by the generals Wang Hui and Han Anguo was ordered to invade Minyue. The campaign was cut short by palace infighting in the Minyue court. Panicked at news of an invasion, the younger brother of the Minyue king Zou Ying, Zou Yushan, conspired with the royal court to depose Ying. Yushan killed his brother with a spear, decapitated the corpse, and sent the head to Wang. The Han forces withdrew soon after.[9][10][11]
Zhao Mo was grateful for the speed of the intervention against Minyue. The Han official Zhuang Zhu was dispatched to meet with the Nanyue emperor, who expressed his gratitude.[9][11] Zhao sent his son, the prince Zhao Yingqi, to the Han capital at Chang'an, where he was to work for the Emperor.[9] In the aftermath of the campaign, Minyue had split into a dual monarchy, Minyue and Dongyue. Minyue was controlled by the Han through a proxy ruler, while Dongyue was independently ruled by Zou Yushan, the brother who deposed the former king during the invasion.[1]
Zou Chou was selected to fill the role of Han proxy ruler because he was the only member of the Minyue royal family who refused to take part in the war against Nanyue. However, his efforts to exert control over the people of Minyue were not successful. The subjects of the kingdom pledged their loyalty to Zou Yushan instead. Yushan declared himself king of Minyue without the consent of the Emperor Wu, the Han ruler. The emperor was informed of Yushan's actions, and recognized him as king of Dongyue instead of ordering a second invasion. Emperor Wu considered it a reward to Yushan for killing Zou Ying and ending the war. The assassination had prevented the Han from wasting any more resources on the conflict.[1][12] Dongyue had an uneasy relationship with the Han. In 112 BC, Han officials were killed in a military engagement with Dongyue.[1]
Third campaign and conquest[edit]
Western-Han miniature pottery infantry (foreground) and cavalry (background); in 1990, when the tomb complex of Emperor Jing of Han (r. 157 – 141 BC) and his wife Empress Wang Zhi (d. 126 BC) was excavated north of Yangling, over 40,000 miniature pottery figures were unearthed. All of them were one-third life size, smaller than the 8,000-some fully life size soldiers of the Terracotta Army buried alongside the First Emperor of Qin. Smaller miniature figurines, on average 60 centimeters (24 in) in height, have also been found in various royal Han tombs where they were placed to guard the deceased tomb occupants in their afterlife.[13]
As Han troops returned from the Han–Nanyue War in 111 BC, the Han government debated annexing Dongyue. Dongyue, under King Zou Yushan, had agreed to assist the Han campaign against Nanyue, but the Dongyue army never reached Nanyue. Yushan blamed the delay on the weather. The proposal to annex Dongyue was suggested by General Yang Pu, but was dismissed by Emperor Wu. The naval force arrived home without having attacked Dongyue.[14][15] Zou caught wind of Yang's request, and responded by revolting against the Han. Han forces were led by General Han Yue, General Yang Pu, commander Wang Wenshu, and two marquises of Yue ancestry.[5] The army crushed the rebellion and captured Dongyue in the last months of 111 BC, placing the former Minyue territory under Han rule.[14][16]
Historical records report that Minyue and Dongyue were emptied of people, and that its residents were deported to the territories between the Huai River and the Yangtze River. The alleged population transfer was a resumption of a policy that had been planned since 138 BC. The Han government considered the mountainous region difficult to control and was wary of trusting its residents. Modern historians doubt the event happened. The deportation of an entire kingdom is implausible, and nothing has been found to verify a migration of Han settlers to the Minyue region around the year 1, something that would have occurred had the area been abandoned while under Han control. There was only one town of Han settlers, Dongyue, in Minyue. Dongyue was built where the Min River meets the sea, around the time of Emperor Wu's reign. It is more likely that the assimilation of Minyue into Han Chinese culture through Han conquest happened later in the dynasty.[1] Historical significance[edit]
From one settlement in year 1, the Han Dynasty's involvement in the Minyue region grew into several counties.[1] There were many Chinese counties in the area by the 4th century AD. The Minyue had been culturally assimilated by the time the Han Dynasty collapsed, and Chinese civilization was undergoing a transition to the Three Kingdoms period of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu.[17] Political upheaval in the north, such as Wang Mang's usurpation, had caused Han migrants to resettle in the south.[18] The Han Dynasty's military expansion widened its commercial ties in addition acquiring large amounts of new territories. The empire's conquest of Minyue and Nanyue spoke of its vast size that it bordered the ancient kingdoms of Southeast Asia. Economic ties with the Han and subsequent dynasties affected the trajectory of maritime trade of Southeast Asia, where goods have been excavated made in styles resembling that of the ancient Han Chinese. Maritime trade and the Silk Road also linked China with Ancient Rome, India, and the Near East.[19]
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%B9%B3%E6%9D%B1%E8%B6%8A%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0
Hanping East Vietnam Battle
The war between the East and the East of Hanping was a battle in the south during the Han Dynasty of the Western Han Dynasty. At the beginning of the war, the Dongyue army won the victory of the Western Han army under the leadership of the generals such as Li Li, but the East Yue in the country Emperor "Zou Yu Shan is Yao Wang Zou ranks stocks and the Hou Yan Wu Yang after the killing, Fujian and the whole nation down the Han.
Main article: The Battle of Hanping Nanyue
BC 112 years (Yuan Ding five years), south of the country the prime minister Lu Jia coup, killing a South Vietnamese Aiwang Zhao and the Queen Mother's Liao , a separate new monarch. After hearing the news, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty dispatched troops to attack South Vietnam. Dong Yue Yu Shan letter Changan request of the Vietnamese troops following the 8000 East General House Boat Young servant offensive in South Vietnam. However, after Yu Shan marched to Jieyang , he stopped moving forward and secretly contacted South Vietnam. Until the Han army captured Panyu (Nan Yue Guodu), the East Vietnamese Army never participated in the war. Yang servant wrote a song to attack the country , but the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was not allowed to use the "striker". He only ordered the generals to be in Yuzhang and Meiling.
In the autumn of the first 111 years [1] , Yu Shanwen Yang servant attacked Yu Yue, and he saw the Han army squadron on the border of Han dynasty. He was very angry, engraved the "Wu Di" seal and established himself as "East Vietnam Emperor". War process
After learning the news, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided to attack the country. He attacked the large-scale farmer Zhang Cheng and the son of the mountain, Hou Liu, who had retreated from the martial law, and dispatched a four-way army to attack the country. The first route Yang servant led, out of the martial arts, from the Chong'an watershed into the hustle; the second route Henghai general Han said to lead, out of the chapter, by the sea by the sea attack Dongye; the third route in the king Wang Wenshu led, through Meiling, into Daisy; the fourth route is the leader of the Ge boat, the general of the lower jaw, out of the evil, white sand, attacking the northeast.
In the face of the Han army's offensive, Yu Shan went to Hanyang to supervise the war and commanded the East Vietnamese Army to fight against the Han army. He sent the generals of the northern part of the country to guard the martial arts, defeated the number of troops in the building, and killed the elders. However, the Han army immediately counterattacked, and the generals of the building and the boat led the army to kill the generals of northern Fujian, forcing the East Vietnam Army to retreat. Soon, the four-way Han army entered Fujian.
In the unfavorable situation of the war, Yu Shantong soldiers adhered to the Tianshuiquan Mountain . Original stay in the Han Dynasty Hou Yan Wu Yang Feng Han-ting life back in Fujian and advised more than good to give up resistance, but I do not listen to the good. Wu Yang led the 700 soldiers of the Bengbu to capture Hanyang City, so that Yu Shan was enemies. In the face of the powerful offensive of the Han army, the Yue and the aristocrats were internally divided. Yu Shan was so lonely that he had to give up Quanshan and flee back to Yedu (now Fuzhou).
In the winter of the previous 111 years [2] , the more the Houyi and the Yueyu Wangju shares colluded, killing Yushan, and the department surrendered to General Henghai. After Yu Shan died, he was buried in Dongye. " Miaohou County ": "East Yue Wang Yushan, in Ning Chess."
After the death of the country, the southeast hills were officially included in the territory of the Han Dynasty regime. However, the government did not have strong control over the local area. The people in the country were moved to the area along the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River. At that time, Fujian was scattered in the rugged mountains of the forest, and it was difficult to station troops and administration staff. Only a small amount of the Central Plains immigrants from the Hai Lunan, enter Fujian , Ningbo, south from the southeast coastal areas thousands of miles, the residents are still basically in Fujian and people -oriented, later became Fujian Han.
1. ^ "Han Wu Di Ji Jiu" Yuan Ding six years autumn, East Vietnam Wang Yushan counter, attack and kill Han will be. The general of Henghai General Han said that Lieutenant Wang Wenshu out of Huiji, the general of the building ship Yang servant out of Yuzhang, hit it.
2. ^ "Han. Volume VI. The sixth emperor of the Wudi Period, Yuanfeng first year of October, Dongyue killed Wang Yushan. 诏曰: "East Vietnam is more difficult to resist, and it will be affected by the later generations, and its people will be moved between the Jianghuai." According to the "New China Three Thousand Years Calendar Day Search Form", Yuanfeng Yuannian October is equivalent to the Julian calendar from November 3 to December 2, 111 BC.
• 《史记》-《东越列传》
• "Han Shu" - "Southwest Yi, Two Guangdong and North Korea Biography"
• Hanping East Vietnam Battle
• Fujian ancient history
Wu Yang was the Dongyue national aristocrat who stayed in the Han Dynasty and was enshrined in the "Yue Yan Hou". During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Dongyue Wang Yu and Yu Shan opposed the Han Dynasty as the "Wu Emperor". The Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Wu Yang to return to the East and the State to persuade Yu Shan, but Yu Shan refused to let go. Thus, Wu Yang led seven hundred warriors, united with Wang Hao and rebuilt Yu Shan, and finally killed Yu Shan, and the country surrendered to the Western Han Dynasty and sealed the stone.
Wu Yang was the Dongyue national aristocrat who stayed in the Han Dynasty and was enshrined in the "Yue Yan Hou". During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Dongyue Wang Yu and Yu Shan opposed the Han Dynasty as the "Wu Emperor". The Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Wu Yang to return to the East and the State to persuade Yu Shan, but Yu Shan refused to let go. Thus, Wu Yang led seven hundred warriors, united with Wang Hao and rebuilt Yu Shan, and finally killed Yu Shan, and the country surrendered to the Western Han Dynasty and sealed the stone.
Han-Nanyue War is the Western Han period, Han destroyed south of the country in the war.
About 113 years ago [Note 1], Zhao Qi infants died, the posthumous title of "Yamashina South Vietnam"; Prince Zhao came to the throne, his mother Liao's become the Queen Mother. 113 years ago, the Han Dynasty sent Yasukuni few seasons ambassador to South Vietnam country, go tell encyclical Zhao and Liao Empress, mutatis mutandis, to let them go inside the princes of the Han Dynasty Chang'an worship Emperor; while life eloquent Jian Dafu final Army and brave people Wei Chen few seasons and other auxiliary Yasukuni envoy, Wei Wei Lu Bode the army stationed in Guiyang, with the collusion of the messenger. At this time, Zhao Xing is young, and the Queen Mother is a Central Plains person. The real power of the South Vietnamese country is actually in the hands of Lu Jia.
When the Queen Mother did not marry Zhao Yingqi, she once had a private connection with Anguo and her family. The Anguo was sent out in a small season. They were once again privately accommodating, and the South Vietnamese people did not trust the Queen Mother. The Empress Dowager felt the isolation of the ruling and opposition, feared that the turmoil would endanger his position, and wanted to rely on the power of the Han Dynasty to consolidate his position. He repeatedly persuaded Zhao Xing and the ministers to belong to the Han Dynasty. At the same time, through the messenger to the Han Wudi, requesting to compare the princes of the Han Dynasty, every three years to Changan to see the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and to remove the border between the South Vietnamese and the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty promised the request of the Empress Dowager, and gave it to the Nanyue National Culture, the Internal History, and the Lieutenant.And Da Fu and other officials to the official seal, the remaining official positions by the South Vietnamese state, this means that the Han Dynasty court directly appoint and dismiss senior officials of the South Vietnamese state.
Emperor also abolished the south of the country before the tattoo punishment and Rhinotomy and other brutal tortur, execute the law, like the Han Dynasty in the princes of the Han Dynasty. At the same time, the messengers sent to the South Vietnamese countries will stay in the town of South Vietnam and strive to stabilize the situation in the South Vietnamese country. After receiving the decree of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhao Xing and Empress Dowager prepared to dress up and prepare to go to Chang'an to see Emperor Wu of Han [2].
The relatives of the South Vietnamese country, Lu Jia, are more long-lived, from Zhao Wei and Zhao Yingqi, to Zhao Xing, who is assisted by them for three generations. There are more than 70 clan members who have served as officials in South Vietnam. They have a marriage with the South Vietnamese royal family. Their status is conspicuous, and they have won the trust of more people. Prestige exceeds Zhao Xing. Lu Jia strongly opposed the South China’s domestic Han Dynasty and repeatedly advised Zhao Xing, but Zhao Xing did not listen. This caused Lu Jia to have the idea of betrayal, and repeatedly refused to meet the Han Dynasty messenger. The Han Dynasty messengers all noticed Lu Jia, but due to the situation, they were not able to kill Lu Jia. Zhao Xing and the Empress Dowager were afraid that Lu Jia would first make a disaster. He arranged a banquet to feast the Han Dynasty messengers and Lu Jia, and wanted to kill Lu Jia and others by the power of the Han Dynasty messengers. In the banquet, the Empress Dowager pointed out that Lu Jia was unwilling to belong to the Han Dynasty, and wanted to anger the Han Dynasty messengers to kill Lu Jia. However, at this time, the younger brother of Lu Jia, who was a general, was battling outside the palace, and the messengers such as Anguo Shaoyu were hesitant and did not dare to start.
Lu Jia was aware of the murderousness, and immediately got up and went out of the palace. The Queen Mother was furious and wanted to throw Lu Jia with a spear and was stopped by Zhao Xing. After returning to Lujia, Lu Jia divided the soldiers led by his brother to arrange for his defense to strengthen his defense. He no longer went to see Zhao Xing and the Han Dynasty messengers, and secretly conspired with the DPRK Minister to prepare for a coup. Lu Jia knew that Zhao Xing had no intention of killing him, so he did not take action for several months, and the Queen Mother wanted to kill Lu Jia, and there was no such ability [3].
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty heard that Lu Jia did not obey Zhao Xing, and that Zhao Xing and the Empress Dowager could not control Lu Jia. The messengers sent were timid and incompetent. At the same time, they believed that Zhao Xing and the Empress Dowager had already been attached to the Han Dynasty, but Lu Jia was in trouble. not worth launching a campaign, so would send Johnson participation rate of 2,000 South Vietnamese ambassador to the country. Zhuang ginseng or not, Emperor reassignment Hanqian Qiu and the Queen Mother's brother Liao Liao music before an annual rate of 112 to 2,000 people go south of the country.
After Han Qianqiu and Yanle entered the South Vietnamese country, Lu Jia and others finally launched a coup. Lu Jia said to the Chinese people that Zhao Xing was too young. The Empress Dowager was once a Han Dynasty, and he had a traitor with the Han Dynasty messengers. He wanted to belong to the Han Dynasty and wanted to dedicate the treasure left by the First King to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and wanted to go to Chang'an. The Nanyue people sold to the Han Dynasty as slaves, and they did not care about the social relations of the South Vietnamese countries, but only the favor of the Han Dynasty emperors. Later, Lu Jia and his younger brother led the troops into the palace, killing the messengers of Zhao Xing, the Empress Dowager and the Han Dynasty [4].
War process
After Lu Jia killed Zhao Xing, Zhao Jiande , the eldest son of Zhao Yingqi and the wife of Nanyue, was the new king of South Vietnam. He also sent people to inform the princes of the Nanyue Kingdom, Wang Zhaoguang, and the counties under the Nanyue country. Official. At this time, Han Qianqiu ’s army entered the territory of South Vietnam and captured several border towns. Subsequently, the South Vietnamese people pretended not to resist, and provided food and diet, so that Han Qianqiu’s army marched smoothly. When it was 40 miles away from Panyu, South Vietnam suddenly sent troops to attack Han Qianqiu’s army and wiped them out. It makes the Lu Jia Han Dynasty envoy tally installed with a wooden box, along with a pretend letter of apology to Han, placed on Chinese and Vietnamese border, but troops kept strictly defensive fortress in all of South Vietnam border. After the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty learned it, he was very angry. On the one hand, he paid the relatives of the deceased, and on the other hand, issued a letter of the South Vietnamese country. [5]
In the autumn of the first 112 years, Emperor Wu of Han sent a sinner and a sailor south of Jianghuai with a total of 100,000 soldiers. The soldiers attacked South Vietnam in five ways. The first road appointed Lu Bode as General Fubo, and led the troops from Guiyang (now Lianzhou City , Guangdong Province ) along Lishui (now Lianjiang in Guangdong Province). The second way to appoint the main Grand Commandery Yang servant to General Building boats, from Yu Zhang County had closed along the cross Pu Zhen water down. The third and fourth road road appointment of two South Vietnamese surrender Han Zheng Yan and Tian armor were under General Li Ge boat and generals, led troops from Lingling departure (Xing'an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region now North) and Zheng Yan The army went straight down the water, and the army of Tianjia went straight to the sky (now Ganzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region ). The fifth way to Chi Yi Hou Ho left the use of Prachuab sinners and Yelang troops, ewe Ke down the river. But the Southwest and more reluctant to send troops to the country, even and blue monarch also defied and killed the messenger of the Han Dynasty and Qianwei County Prefecture. [6] [7] The ultimate goal of the five-way army is the capital of the southern city of Panyu. [8] [9]At the same time, the East Yue Yu Shan also petition to Emperor Qingzhan, and 8,000 troops to assist Yang servant offensive south of the country, but the East line to the King's army in Jieyang when it is no longer an excuse to encounter storms forward, but also secretly sent messengers Report to the South Vietnam. [10]
In the winter of the year, that is, in the winter of the first 112 years, Yang servant led the elite soldiers, first attacked the gorge, and then attacked Shimen (in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province) in the north of Panyu City, and seized the warships and food of the South Vietnamese country. Advancing south, defeating the leader of the South Vietnamese country, led tens of thousands of troops to await Lubold’s army. Lu Bode led the sinners who were detained. The road was far away. When he was with Yang Pu, he arrived at more than a thousand people and went on together. Yang servant led the army in front and attacked Panyu. Zhao Jiande and Lu Jia were both in the city. Yang servant chose favorable terrain and stationed the army in the southeast of Panyu. After dark, Yang servant led troops to attack Panyu City and set fire to the city. And Lu Bode is in the northwest garrison city, sent a messenger to summon somebody to surrender South Vietnamese, South Vietnamese Lu Bode heard so much about Wal-Mart, so have defected to the Lu Bode's, at dawn, the defenders of the city's most south of the country has been Lubrizol Germany surrendered. Lu Jia and Zhao Jiande saw that the situation was not good. Before the dawn, they led hundreds of subordinates to flee and took the boat to the west. After asking about the surrendering Nanyue people, Lu Bode learned about the whereabouts of Lu Jia and Zhao Jiande and sent troops to hunt them down. Finally, Zhao Jiande Lu Bode was the Captain Sima Su Hong captured, and the Lu Jia is the former South Vietnamese State Lang Sun are captured. [11]
The reign of the Han Dynasty in the second year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (the first 87 years) After Lu Jia and Zhao Jiande were desecrated, the counties and counties under the Nanyue State included Cangwu Wang Zhaoguang, Guilin County, and Wendai County, and the Jieyang County Commander Shi Ding surrendered to the Han Dynasty without fighting. Zheng Yan Hu Tian armor army, and what left the mobilization of Yelang troops yet to reach, south of the country have been put down. In this way, the South Vietnamese country founded by Zhao Wei was finally wiped out by the Han Dynasty after the 93-year and five-generation Nanyue kings. [12] When the news of the pacification of South Vietnam passed the Han Dynasty, Emperor went to inspect is Gou's County (now in Henan Yanshi way southeast), and was living in a left-eup County Tongxiang (now Shanxi Wenxi North), then Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty established Wenxi County in Tongxiang. 111 years ago in spring, Han Lu Jia will be put to death their heads presented to the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty was the line to Jixian New Township (now in Henan Xinxiang City East), so the Han Dynasty and the establishment of the new township in won Jia County. In the same year, Zhao Jiande was also executed, and his first high was hung on the northern foot of the Han Dynasty Imperial Palace. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up the Sui and Tang Dynasties in Yizhou County (now Yunnan Province).Two counties in the northwest of Yongping County and Buwei (now northeast of Baoshan City, Yunnan Province ) migrated Lu Jia’s descendants and clan to the south. [13] [14] [15] [16] After the Nanyue Kingdom was settled, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up the South China Sea, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen and Ninan seven counties. In the first 111 years, Yang Pu led the army from Xuwen County (now Guangdong Province) in Hepu County to cross the sea and occupied Hainan Island. The Han Dynasty set it as the two counties of the ear, the Zhuya, and the former seven counties belonged to the Department of Jiaozhou. [17]
Influence
The reign of the Han Dynasty in the second year of Emperor Hanping (2 years)
Politics
Vietnam (ie Jiaozhi, nine true county, rinan Tri-County) has now entered the North is a long period (Vietnam for the first time the North is a period, Vietnam's north is a second period, Vietnam is a North Third period), intermediate Although there were many uprisings and local separatists, it was not until 970 that Ding was the emperor that Vietnam officially re-disengaged from Chinese rule. Because the people served too heavy, Zhuya County (Dan ear County after incorporating) frequent local rebellion, 65 years after the establishment of the county, beginning yuan three years (46 years ago) Han Emperor adopted Jia donated the proposed waste Zhuya County. [18] [19]. Population.
After Zhao Xuan Zhongxing, according to Han in the Western Han Dynasty late Han Emperor Ping Yuanshi years (AD 2) statistics, the Lingnan region seven county population within the statistical range to reach 1,372,290 people [20] (ie South County, Yulin County, Cangwu County, Jiaozhi, Hepu County, nine true gun, rinan seven gun while Dan ear County, Zhuya County two counties had been abandoned in 46 BC) [21] Although rebellion often occurred in parts of Lingnan in the late Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty. But the region's population Eastern Han Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty still remain considerable, Emperor Shun of Han period Gogun population in statistics reached 1,114,444 people (including the only South County, Cangwu County, Hepu County, nine true county, rinan Gogun population). [twenty two].
Culture
According to the French scholar Oruso , the Vietnamese region still preserved a number of its own cultures during its first northern genus . At that time, the Yue people had broken tattoos . This short-haired habit was in the 10th century after the era. Habits such as chewing betel black teeth are also beginning to pass at this time. In the western part of Hanoi , there was a custom of brothers and wives (wife brothers married). Until the 3rd century, the Ming Dynasty bureaucrats had not been able to abolish this custom. The Luo more human social organization, places Luo Wang, Luo Hou, the Luo and other governance cent. These customs, the Qin Dynasty did not give changes, the South Vietnamese Zhao also followed the Qin Dynasty policy. [23] In the future , when the Western Han Dynasty ruled, it was also the rule of the old people. The dominance, economic interests, and living habits of the tribal chiefs (雒王,雒侯) remained unchanged. [twenty four]
In terms of marriage rules and regulations, Jiuzhen and other places are still in the form of dual marriage of the original clan system. This is in the eyes of the Central Plains people. "There is no marriage and ritual, each because of kinkyness, no suitable pair, no knowledge of the nature of the father and son, the couple's way." According to scholars Guo Zhenduo and Zhang Xiaomei , this is actually a model of dual marriage , which is primitive. A form of marriage in the matriarchal clan society in the social period . However, Ren Yan also believes that there is a need to change. Therefore, he has reformed the local marriage customs by "every 20 to 50 males and fifteen to forty females, all of which match each other. In order to help the marriage of the local men and women, the marriage of the local men and women will also be transferred to the patriarchal system. [25]
Culturally, Chinese rulers also attach importance to the introduction of the Central Plains culture. In Wang Mang , the mainland has adopted migration and exile Luo the strategy of people living together, "quite resettlement China sinners, so that inhabited their leisure, is a little-known language, gradually Jian Li of" Eastern Han Dynasty of tin light , either The governors of Yan and other districts are also committed to cultural promotion, "establishing schools and guiding the righteousness", [26] and then "leading the South China style, starting with the second guard." [27]
Technical economy.
In terms of economic production, the agricultural technology in Vietnam is relatively backward. For example, Jiuzhen County people only know how to shoot, do not know cattle farming, and use fire to burn the fields. To any extension of the Eastern Han Dynasty emperor in the early years served nine true prefect time, will teach the locals to make farm tools, local agricultural production is the improved. [28]
Comment
1. ^ The time of Zhao Yingqi's death, "Historical Records" and "Han Shu" are not clearly recorded. There are many inferences in later generations. This article takes "the first 113 years" (reference is [1] ).
Chiến tranh Hán - Nam Việt là một cuộc chiến tranh giữa nhà Hán và nước Nam Việt vào cuối thế kỷ thứ nhì (II) trước Công nguyên.
Bối cảnh lịch sử
Bản đồ khu vực khoảng 200 năm TCN.
Nước Nam Việt phía Tây giáp Dạ Lang và Câu Đinh, phía Đông giáp Mân Việt, phía Nam giáp với dãy Hoành Sơn, phía Bắc giáp nhà Hán.
Năm 221 TCN, sau khi Tần Thủy Hoàng thâu tóm Trung Nguyên, ông đã cho xây dựng một nhà nước trung ương tập quyền phong kiến.
Tham vọng xâm chiếm lãnh thổ vẫn không dứt, Tần Thủy Hoàng tiếp tục sai Đồ Thư đem quân, sai Sử Lộc đào ngòi vận lương đi đánh lấy Bách Việt, trong đó là một dải các tỉnh Quảng Đông, Quảng Tây, Phúc Kiến ngày nay lập thành quận mà thống trị.
Sau khi nhà Tần mất, hình thành ba quốc gia của người Bách Việt là:
-- Đông Âu (trị ở Đông Âu, thành phố Ôn Châu tỉnh Chiết Giang ngày nay),
-- Mân Việt,
-- Nam Việt.
Năm 196 TCN, Hán Cao Tổ sai Lục Giả đi sắc phong Triệu Đà làm Nam Việt Vương.
Năm 191 TCN, nhà Tây Hán dưới thời Lã Hậu đóng cửa ải buôn bán với Nam Việt, ngăn chặn trao đổi đồ sắt, trâu cái, làm khó sản xuất nông nghiệp của Nam Việt, làm xấu quan hệ với Nam Việt. Triệu Đà bèn tuyên bố độc lập hoàn toàn khỏi nhà Hán, tự xưng hiệu là Nam Việt Vũ Đế. Triệu Đà cho rằng ngăn chặn buôn bán là do Trường Sa Vương ly gián, bèn phát binh đánh úp biên giới của nước Trường Sa. Cao Hậu lệnh cho Long Lự hầu Chu Táo đem quân đánh Nam Việt, vì quân sĩ không quen đất nước miền nam, quân mệt mỏi chẳng nên công. Khi Cao Hậu chết (180 TCN), nhà Hán bãi binh.
Hán Văn Đế kế vị, sai Thái trung Đại phu Lục Giả đem thư cho Triệu Đà. Khi nghe Lục Giả thuyết phục phải trái hơn thiệt, Triệu Đà đã quyết định bỏ danh hiệu Đế, quy phục nhà Hán và dùng lại hiệu Nam Việt Vương.
Năm 125 TCN, Mân Việt cử binh đến xâm phạm quận huyện biên giới của Nam Việt. Hán Vũ Đế dùng Đại hành Vương Khôi, Đại Nông lệnh Hàn An Quốc chia ra đem quân xuống phía nam đánh Mân Việt. Quân Hán chưa đến, em của Mân Việt Vương là Dư Thiện và họ hàng đại thần cùng giết Mân Việt Vương hàng quân Hán.
Năm 113 TCN, Hán Vũ Đế sai An Quốc Thiếu Quý đến Nam Việt, đem lệnh dụ Triệu Ai Vương, Cù Thái hậu vào chầu giống với chư hầu trong nước, lại lệnh Vệ úy Lộ Bác Đức đóng quân ở Quế Dương tiếp ứng.
Trong tập đoàn thống trị Nam Việt chia rẽ: Cù Thái hậu định cùng con trai Triệu Hưng (mới có 4 tuổi) chủ trương vào kinh chầu nhà Hán, cùng gửi thư lên Hán Vũ Đế, nguyện theo luật lệ của chư hầu trong nước, ba năm hầu cận một lần; Thừa tướng ba đời của Nam Việt là Lữ Gia hết sức phản đối, đôi bên đấu tranh dữ dội. Hán Vũ Đế lệnh cho Hàn Thiên Thu đem 2000 quân vào Nam Việt muốn giết Lữ Gia. Mùa xuân năm 112 TCN, Lữ Gia bèn viết cáo kêu gọi trong nước về hành động bán nước của Cù hậu, rồi giết Triệu Ai Vương, Cù Thái hậu, sứ giả nhà Hán và giết hết quân của Hàn Thiên Thu, lập riêng Triệu Kiến Đức làm vua.
Diễn biến
Xem thêm: Triệu Dương Vương, Lữ Gia, Tây Vu Vương, và Hán Vũ Đế
Vua Hán nghe tin Hàn Thiên Thu bị giết, sai Phục ba tướng quân Lộ Bác Đức xuất phát từ Quế Dương, Lâu thuyền tướng quân Dương Bộc xuất phát từ Dự Chương, Qua thuyền tướng quân Nghiêm[1] xuất phát từ Linh Lăng, Hạ lại tướng quân Giáp[2] đem quân xuống Thương Ngô, Trì Nghĩa hầu Quý[3] đem quân Dạ Lang xuống sông Tường Kha, đều hội cả ở Phiên Ngung.
Mùa đông năm 111 TCN, tướng nhà Hán là Dương Bộc đem 9000 tinh binh hãm Tầm Hiệp, phá Thạch Môn lấy được thuyền thóc của quân Triệu, kéo luôn cả các thuyền ấy đi, đem mấy vạn người đợi Lộ Bác Đức. Bác Đức cùng Bộc hội quân tiến đến Phiên Ngung.
Triệu Thuật Dương Vương và Lữ Gia cùng giữ thành. Dương Bộc tự chọn chỗ thuận tiện đóng ở mặt đông nam, Lộ Bác Đức đóng ở mặt tây bắc.
Vừa chập tối, Dương Bộc đánh bại quân Triệu, phóng lửa đốt thành. Bác Đức không biết quân trong thành nhiều hay ít bèn đóng doanh, sai sứ chiêu dụ. Ai ra hàng đều được Đức cho ấn thao và tha cho về để chiêu dụ nhau. Dương Bộc cố sức đánh, đuổi quân Triệu chạy ngược vào dinh quân của Lộ Bác Đức. Đến tờ mờ sáng thì quân trong thành đầu hàng. Triệu Dương Vương và Lữ Gia cùng với vài trăm người, đang đêm chạy ra biển.
Bác Đức lại hỏi những người đầu hàng biết chỗ ở của Lữ Gia, bèn sai người đuổi theo. Hiệu úy tư mã là Tô Hoằng (蘇弘) bắt được Kiến Đức, Quan lang của Nam Việt là Đô Kê (都稽; có bản chép là Tôn Đô) bắt được Lữ Gia.
Lữ Gia và vua Triệu sau đó đều bị quân Hán giết. Dựa trên hệ thống các đền, miếu, đình, chùa thờ Lữ Gia, phu nhân và các tướng lĩnh của ông rải rác trên khắp vùng đồng bằng sông Hồng ở miền Bắc Việt Nam, rất có thể cuộc kháng chiến chống nhà Tây Hán còn kéo dài đến năm 98 TCN.
Sau khi Phiên Ngung thất thủ, Tây Vu Vương (thủ lĩnh đất tự trị Tây Vu với trung tâm là Cổ Loa[4][5]) đã nổi dậy chống lại nguy cơ Bắc thuộc trước sự xâm lăng của nhà Tây Hán.[6] Tả tướng Hoàng Đồng (黄同) của hai quận Giao Chỉ và Cửu Chân đã giết chết Tây Vu Vương để hàng Hán.[7]
Thương Ngô vương Triệu Quang cùng họ hàng với vua nhà Triệu, nghe tin quân Hán đến, xin hàng, được phong làm Tùy Đào hầu[8]; Huyện lệnh huyện Yết Dương là Sử Ðịnh (史定) hàng Hán được phong làm An Đạo hầu[9]; tướng nhà Triệu là Tất Thủ (畢取) mang quân ra hàng được phong làm Liêu hầu[10]; quan Giám quận Quế Lâm là Cư Ông (居翁) dụ 40 vạn dân hai quận Giao Chỉ và Cửu Chân ra hàng được phong làm Tương Thành hầu[11]. Vậy là các xứ ở Nam Việt đều xin hàng. Nước Nam Việt mất.
Lãnh thổ nhà Hán thời Hán Vũ Đế.
Tại Nam Việt nhà Hán lập thành chín quận:
• Nam Hải (nay là tỉnh Quảng Đông, Trung Quốc)
• Thương Ngô (nay thuộc tỉnh Quảng Tây, Trung Quốc)
• Uất Lâm (nay thuộc tỉnh Quảng Tây, Trung Quốc) • Hợp Phố (nam Quảng Tây và tây nam Quảng Đông ngày nay)
• Chu Nhai (thuộc đảo Hải Nam ngày nay)
• Đạm Nhĩ (thuộc đảo Hải Nam ngày nay)
• Giao Chỉ (nay là miền Bắc Việt Nam và phía đông Quảng Tây)
• Cửu Chân (nay là ba tỉnh Thanh Hóa-Nghệ An-Hà Tĩnh)
• Nhật Nam (từ Đèo Ngang đến Quảng Nam)
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_H%C3%A1n-Nam_Vi%E1%BB%87t
Han conquest of Nanyue
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_conquest_of_Nanyue The Han conquest of Nanyue was a military conflict between the Han empire and the Nanyue kingdom in modern Guangdong, Guangxi, and Northern Vietnam. During the reign of Emperor Wu, the Han forces launched a punitive campaign against Nanyue and conquered it in 111 BC.
See also: Southward expansion of the Han dynasty
To the regions south of China, Zhao Tuo had established himself as the King of Nanyue.[1][2] Zhao was a man whose ancestors originated from Zhengding, China.[2] The Han frontier in the south was not threatened and there was no indication that Zhao Tuo would encroach on Han territory.[1] In 196 BC, Emperor Gaozu sent Lu Jia on a diplomatic mission to Nanyue to officially recognize Zhao Tuo.[1] Nevertheless, relations between Han and Nanyue were sometimes strained.[3] Zhao Tuo resented Empress Lü's ban on exports of metal wares and female livestock to Nanyue.[3] In 183 BC, he proclaimed himself the "Martial Emperor of the South" (南武帝), which implied a perceived status on equal footing with the Han emperor.[4] Two years later, Nanyue attacked the Changsha Kingdom, a constituent kingdom of the Han empire.[4] In 180 BC, Lu Jia led a diplomatic mission to Nanyue.[3] During negotiations, he succeeded in convincing Zhao Tuo to give up on his title as emperor and pay homage to Han as a nominal vassal.[3]
Jade burial suit of King Zhao Mo
In 135 BC, King Zhao Mo of Nanyue appealed to the Han court for help against attacking Minyue forces.[5] The Han court responded swiftly and this led to Zhao Mo's agreement to send his son, Prince Zhao Yingqi, to serve in the palace at Chang'an.[6] Even though Nanyue neglected to pay regular homage to the Han court, the court had its attention focused on other commitments and was not set on forcing the issue.[5] At the Nanyue court in 113 BC, the Queen Dowager of Nanyue suggested incorporating Nanyue as a kingdom under the suzerainty of the Han empire, thus formally integrating the kingdom on the same terms as the other kingdoms of the Han empire.[6] She was Chinese herself and was married to Zhao Yingqi.[6] However, many Nanyue ministers opposed this suggestion.[6] Lü Jia was the primary Nanyue official to oppose the idea and he led the opposition against the Queen Dowager.[5] In 112 BC, the opposition retaliated violently and executed the Queen Dowager, a provocation that led to the mobilization of a large Han naval force into Nanyue.[5]
The Chinese forces comprised six armies, who traveled by sea, directly southward, or from Sichuan along the Xi River.[7] In 111 BC, General Lu Bode and General Yang Pu advanced towards Panyu (present-day Guangzhou).[5] This resulted in the surrender of Nanyue to the Han empire later that year.[5] Aftermath[edit]
Main article: First Chinese domination of Vietnam>
After the conquest of Nanyue in 111 BC, the Han empire established nine new commanderies to administer the former Nanyue territories.[5] Han control proceeded to expand further southwestward by military means after the conquest.[8] Following the conquest, the Han empire gradually extended its overseas trade with the various countries in Southeast Asia and around the Indian Ocean.[9]
汉平南越之战 / The Battle of South Vietnam with Hanping
漢平南越之戰 / The Battle of South Vietnam with Hanping. 漢朝南擴的一部分 / Part of the south-south expansion of the Han Dynasty The Battle of South Vietnam in Hanping
参战方 南越國 西漢 閩越國 / The war-party, South Vietnam, West Han, Vietnam.
世紀漢朝的擴張 日期 前112年 地点 岭南 结果 南越國亡，并入漢朝。The expansion of the Han Dynasty of the century The date of 112 years ago, The location of Lingnan resulted in the death of the South Vietnamese and the territorial was being occupied by Han military force into the Han Dynasty.
Yue/Viet /Bai Yue/ Nan Yue / Min Yue old time's customer
Y phục cổ truyền của người Việt, Bách Việt, Nam Việt và Mân Việt.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Thanh gươm của vua Câu Tiễn
9
-----------------------------------------------------------
pic. Bai Yue and their descendents - rowling boat - the bronze drum pattern.
Pic. The bronze drum pattern of the Vietnamese rowling boat
Tạo chữ Viết là của Việt tộc và Bách Việt có từ trước đời nhà Hạ, nhà Thang, và tới nhà Chu.
Hán du mục thị tộc đã đánh cắp văn hóa của Việt tộc và tuyên bố đó là của họ. Hán tộc là con cháu của giống Hung, Hung Nô, Thổ (Trung Á), và Mông Cổ, tiên ti, Đông Hồ... Họ đã thống lĩnh qua Trung Á rồi họ bị tàn lụi vì thích gây chiến, tạo chiến tranh, sau cùng chỉ còn vài nhóm hậu duệ của họ, và nhóm này xưng là Hán, giống Hán du mục này chỉ còn một nhúm ít ỏi, họ cho tìm cách cấy giống và lai giống với Việt tộc, mượn văn minh định cư định canh của giống Việt tộc để cứu vãn văn hóa bạo phát và chóng tàn của nòi Hán, Hung, Hung Nô, Thổ, Mông... của họ còn sót lại.
Họ rất độc hại, chiếm được đất mới, họ tạo chiến tranh Bách Việt giết Bách Việt, Dương Việt giết Nam Việt và Nam Việt giết Lạc Việt, và sau cùng chúng mượn chủ thuyết cộng sản của Liên Sô để tiêu diệt giống Việt, Bắc Việt cộng giết Nam Việt cộng Nam Việt cộng giết Việt Nam cộng Hòa, để cuối cùng nay thì Tàu cộng sẽ diệt hết người Việt.
Bây giờ giống Hán đông và nhiều, mạnh và cường hơn giống Việt gấp bội.
The Han campaigns against Minyue
There were a series of three Han military campaigns dispatched against the Minyue state. The first campaign was in response to Minyue's invasion of Eastern Ou in 138 BC. In 135 BC, a second campaign was sent to intervene in a war between Minyue and Nanyue. After the campaign, Minyue was partitioned into Minyue, ruled by a Han proxy king, and Dongyue.
Dongyue was defeated in a third military campaign in 111 BC and the former Minyue territory was annexed by the Han Empire.[1]
The Han campaigns against Minyue were a series of three Han military campaigns dispatched against the Minyue state. The first campaign was in response to Minyue's invasion of Eastern Ou in 138 BC. In 135 BC, a second campaign was sent to intervene in a war between Minyue and Nanyue. After the campaign, Minyue was partitioned into Minyue, ruled by a Han proxy king, and Dongyue. Dongyue was defeated in a third military campaign in 111 BC and the former Minyue territory was annexed by the Han Empire.[1]
Background[edit]
Main article: Qin's campaign against the Yue tribes
The Han dynasty in 87 BC.
Southward expansion of the Han dynasty
• Minyue /Mân Việt
• Nanyue / Nam Việt
• Dian /Điền Việt
• Trung sisters /Ladies Trung (Lạc Việt)
The Qin dynasty's military incursions in the south of what is now China began a period of expansion that continued under the next dynasty, the Han.[2] After the fall of the Qin, Minyue was established in 202 BC, and Eastern Ou in 192 BC, with the support of the Han. They were rewarded with greater autonomy in return for their contributions to the revolt against the Qin. The local rulers of the Minyue region had also sided with Liu Bang's Han instead of Xiang Yu's Chu during the Chu–Han Contention, a civil war that ensued during the collapse of the Qin.[3][4]
Minyue was created by carving out the former Qin province of Minzhong, with Dongye as the capital, into a new kingdom ruled by Zou Wuzhu. A decade later, Zou Yao was granted control over Donghai, popularly referred to as Eastern Ou after the name of the kingdom's capital. The title was bestowed with a declaration by the Han emperor that "Zou Yan, the chief of Min, achieved great merit and his people supported the Han cause". The Han historian Sima Qian claims both rulers were descendants of Goujian, the 5th century BC ruler of Yue. The family had lost their status as rulers during the Qin's wars of unification, when they were demoted to local chieftains.[3][4]
Han–Minyue wars[edit]
Main article: Southward expansion of the Han dynasty
Initial military intervention[edit]
Mural showing cavalry and chariots, from the Dahuting Tomb (Chinese: 打虎亭汉墓, Pinyin: Dahuting Han mu) of the late Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD), located in Zhengzhou, Henan province, China.
In 138 BC, Minyue invaded the Eastern Ou, prompting Eastern Ou to request the intervention of Han forces. The Han court was divided over offering military support. The campaign was opposed by the Han commander-in-chief Tian Fen, who argued that warfare between the Yue tribes occurred frequently and the affairs of Yue were not the responsibility of the Han government.[2][5] The concept of Chinese centrality among nations persuaded the court to dispatch an army. In accordance with Chinese political philosophy, the ruler or Son of Heaven held a mandate that obligated the emperor to help smaller countries in need.[6] Otherwise, as the Han official Zhuang Zhu phrased it, "how could we treat the myriad kingdoms as our children?"[7][5]
A Han naval force led by Zhuang Zhu departed from Shaoxing in northern Zhejiang towards Minyue. The Minyue surrendered before the arrival of the Han troops,[1][5] and withdrew from Eastern Ou.[7] There were plans to move the residents of Eastern Ou to the area between the Huai River and Yangtze River,[1] following a request by the king of Eastern Ou.[8] Second intervention[edit]
Emperor Wu of the Han went to war with the Minyue.
In 135 BC, war broke out when Minyue invaded Nanyue. Zhao Mo, the king of Nanyue, asked for and received the military assistance of the Han. In 180 BC, Zhao had offered to submit as a vassal and the Han agreed, a decision that was partly based on Zhao's ancestral roots in northern China.[9] An army led by the generals Wang Hui and Han Anguo was ordered to invade Minyue. The campaign was cut short by palace infighting in the Minyue court. Panicked at news of an invasion, the younger brother of the Minyue king Zou Ying, Zou Yushan, conspired with the royal court to depose Ying. Yushan killed his brother with a spear, decapitated the corpse, and sent the head to Wang. The Han forces withdrew soon after.[9][10][11]
Zhao Mo was grateful for the speed of the intervention against Minyue. The Han official Zhuang Zhu was dispatched to meet with the Nanyue emperor, who expressed his gratitude.[9][11] Zhao sent his son, the prince Zhao Yingqi, to the Han capital at Chang'an, where he was to work for the Emperor.[9] In the aftermath of the campaign, Minyue had split into a dual monarchy, Minyue and Dongyue. Minyue was controlled by the Han through a proxy ruler, while Dongyue was independently ruled by Zou Yushan, the brother who deposed the former king during the invasion.[1]
Zou Chou was selected to fill the role of Han proxy ruler because he was the only member of the Minyue royal family who refused to take part in the war against Nanyue. However, his efforts to exert control over the people of Minyue were not successful. The subjects of the kingdom pledged their loyalty to Zou Yushan instead. Yushan declared himself king of Minyue without the consent of the Emperor Wu, the Han ruler. The emperor was informed of Yushan's actions, and recognized him as king of Dongyue instead of ordering a second invasion. Emperor Wu considered it a reward to Yushan for killing Zou Ying and ending the war. The assassination had prevented the Han from wasting any more resources on the conflict.[1][12] Dongyue had an uneasy relationship with the Han. In 112 BC, Han officials were killed in a military engagement with Dongyue.[1]
Third campaign and conquest[edit]
Western-Han miniature pottery infantry (foreground) and cavalry (background); in 1990, when the tomb complex of Emperor Jing of Han (r. 157 – 141 BC) and his wife Empress Wang Zhi (d. 126 BC) was excavated north of Yangling, over 40,000 miniature pottery figures were unearthed. All of them were one-third life size, smaller than the 8,000-some fully life size soldiers of the Terracotta Army buried alongside the First Emperor of Qin. Smaller miniature figurines, on average 60 centimeters (24 in) in height, have also been found in various royal Han tombs where they were placed to guard the deceased tomb occupants in their afterlife.[13]
As Han troops returned from the Han–Nanyue War in 111 BC, the Han government debated annexing Dongyue. Dongyue, under King Zou Yushan, had agreed to assist the Han campaign against Nanyue, but the Dongyue army never reached Nanyue. Yushan blamed the delay on the weather. The proposal to annex Dongyue was suggested by General Yang Pu, but was dismissed by Emperor Wu. The naval force arrived home without having attacked Dongyue.[14][15] Zou caught wind of Yang's request, and responded by revolting against the Han. Han forces were led by General Han Yue, General Yang Pu, commander Wang Wenshu, and two marquises of Yue ancestry.[5] The army crushed the rebellion and captured Dongyue in the last months of 111 BC, placing the former Minyue territory under Han rule.[14][16]
Historical records report that Minyue and Dongyue were emptied of people, and that its residents were deported to the territories between the Huai River and the Yangtze River. The alleged population transfer was a resumption of a policy that had been planned since 138 BC. The Han government considered the mountainous region difficult to control and was wary of trusting its residents. Modern historians doubt the event happened. The deportation of an entire kingdom is implausible, and nothing has been found to verify a migration of Han settlers to the Minyue region around the year 1, something that would have occurred had the area been abandoned while under Han control. There was only one town of Han settlers, Dongyue, in Minyue. Dongyue was built where the Min River meets the sea, around the time of Emperor Wu's reign. It is more likely that the assimilation of Minyue into Han Chinese culture through Han conquest happened later in the dynasty.[1] Historical significance[edit]
From one settlement in year 1, the Han Dynasty's involvement in the Minyue region grew into several counties.[1] There were many Chinese counties in the area by the 4th century AD. The Minyue had been culturally assimilated by the time the Han Dynasty collapsed, and Chinese civilization was undergoing a transition to the Three Kingdoms period of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu.[17] Political upheaval in the north, such as Wang Mang's usurpation, had caused Han migrants to resettle in the south.[18] The Han Dynasty's military expansion widened its commercial ties in addition acquiring large amounts of new territories. The empire's conquest of Minyue and Nanyue spoke of its vast size that it bordered the ancient kingdoms of Southeast Asia. Economic ties with the Han and subsequent dynasties affected the trajectory of maritime trade of Southeast Asia, where goods have been excavated made in styles resembling that of the ancient Han Chinese. Maritime trade and the Silk Road also linked China with Ancient Rome, India, and the Near East.[19]
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%B9%B3%E6%9D%B1%E8%B6%8A%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0
Hanping East Vietnam Battle
The war between the East and the East of Hanping was a battle in the south during the Han Dynasty of the Western Han Dynasty. At the beginning of the war, the Dongyue army won the victory of the Western Han army under the leadership of the generals such as Li Li, but the East Yue in the country Emperor "Zou Yu Shan is Yao Wang Zou ranks stocks and the Hou Yan Wu Yang after the killing, Fujian and the whole nation down the Han.
Main article: The Battle of Hanping Nanyue
BC 112 years (Yuan Ding five years), south of the country the prime minister Lu Jia coup, killing a South Vietnamese Aiwang Zhao and the Queen Mother's Liao , a separate new monarch. After hearing the news, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty dispatched troops to attack South Vietnam. Dong Yue Yu Shan letter Changan request of the Vietnamese troops following the 8000 East General House Boat Young servant offensive in South Vietnam. However, after Yu Shan marched to Jieyang , he stopped moving forward and secretly contacted South Vietnam. Until the Han army captured Panyu (Nan Yue Guodu), the East Vietnamese Army never participated in the war. Yang servant wrote a song to attack the country , but the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was not allowed to use the "striker". He only ordered the generals to be in Yuzhang and Meiling.
In the autumn of the first 111 years [1] , Yu Shanwen Yang servant attacked Yu Yue, and he saw the Han army squadron on the border of Han dynasty. He was very angry, engraved the "Wu Di" seal and established himself as "East Vietnam Emperor". War process
After learning the news, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided to attack the country. He attacked the large-scale farmer Zhang Cheng and the son of the mountain, Hou Liu, who had retreated from the martial law, and dispatched a four-way army to attack the country. The first route Yang servant led, out of the martial arts, from the Chong'an watershed into the hustle; the second route Henghai general Han said to lead, out of the chapter, by the sea by the sea attack Dongye; the third route in the king Wang Wenshu led, through Meiling, into Daisy; the fourth route is the leader of the Ge boat, the general of the lower jaw, out of the evil, white sand, attacking the northeast.
In the face of the Han army's offensive, Yu Shan went to Hanyang to supervise the war and commanded the East Vietnamese Army to fight against the Han army. He sent the generals of the northern part of the country to guard the martial arts, defeated the number of troops in the building, and killed the elders. However, the Han army immediately counterattacked, and the generals of the building and the boat led the army to kill the generals of northern Fujian, forcing the East Vietnam Army to retreat. Soon, the four-way Han army entered Fujian.
In the unfavorable situation of the war, Yu Shantong soldiers adhered to the Tianshuiquan Mountain . Original stay in the Han Dynasty Hou Yan Wu Yang Feng Han-ting life back in Fujian and advised more than good to give up resistance, but I do not listen to the good. Wu Yang led the 700 soldiers of the Bengbu to capture Hanyang City, so that Yu Shan was enemies. In the face of the powerful offensive of the Han army, the Yue and the aristocrats were internally divided. Yu Shan was so lonely that he had to give up Quanshan and flee back to Yedu (now Fuzhou).
In the winter of the previous 111 years [2] , the more the Houyi and the Yueyu Wangju shares colluded, killing Yushan, and the department surrendered to General Henghai. After Yu Shan died, he was buried in Dongye. " Miaohou County ": "East Yue Wang Yushan, in Ning Chess."
After the death of the country, the southeast hills were officially included in the territory of the Han Dynasty regime. However, the government did not have strong control over the local area. The people in the country were moved to the area along the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River. At that time, Fujian was scattered in the rugged mountains of the forest, and it was difficult to station troops and administration staff. Only a small amount of the Central Plains immigrants from the Hai Lunan, enter Fujian , Ningbo, south from the southeast coastal areas thousands of miles, the residents are still basically in Fujian and people -oriented, later became Fujian Han.
1. ^ "Han Wu Di Ji Jiu" Yuan Ding six years autumn, East Vietnam Wang Yushan counter, attack and kill Han will be. The general of Henghai General Han said that Lieutenant Wang Wenshu out of Huiji, the general of the building ship Yang servant out of Yuzhang, hit it.
2. ^ "Han. Volume VI. The sixth emperor of the Wudi Period, Yuanfeng first year of October, Dongyue killed Wang Yushan. 诏曰: "East Vietnam is more difficult to resist, and it will be affected by the later generations, and its people will be moved between the Jianghuai." According to the "New China Three Thousand Years Calendar Day Search Form", Yuanfeng Yuannian October is equivalent to the Julian calendar from November 3 to December 2, 111 BC.
• 《史记》-《东越列传》
• "Han Shu" - "Southwest Yi, Two Guangdong and North Korea Biography"
• Hanping East Vietnam Battle
• Fujian ancient history
Wu Yang was the Dongyue national aristocrat who stayed in the Han Dynasty and was enshrined in the "Yue Yan Hou". During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Dongyue Wang Yu and Yu Shan opposed the Han Dynasty as the "Wu Emperor". The Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Wu Yang to return to the East and the State to persuade Yu Shan, but Yu Shan refused to let go. Thus, Wu Yang led seven hundred warriors, united with Wang Hao and rebuilt Yu Shan, and finally killed Yu Shan, and the country surrendered to the Western Han Dynasty and sealed the stone.
Wu Yang was the Dongyue national aristocrat who stayed in the Han Dynasty and was enshrined in the "Yue Yan Hou". During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Dongyue Wang Yu and Yu Shan opposed the Han Dynasty as the "Wu Emperor". The Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Wu Yang to return to the East and the State to persuade Yu Shan, but Yu Shan refused to let go. Thus, Wu Yang led seven hundred warriors, united with Wang Hao and rebuilt Yu Shan, and finally killed Yu Shan, and the country surrendered to the Western Han Dynasty and sealed the stone.
Han-Nanyue War is the Western Han period, Han destroyed south of the country in the war.
About 113 years ago [Note 1], Zhao Qi infants died, the posthumous title of "Yamashina South Vietnam"; Prince Zhao came to the throne, his mother Liao's become the Queen Mother. 113 years ago, the Han Dynasty sent Yasukuni few seasons ambassador to South Vietnam country, go tell encyclical Zhao and Liao Empress, mutatis mutandis, to let them go inside the princes of the Han Dynasty Chang'an worship Emperor; while life eloquent Jian Dafu final Army and brave people Wei Chen few seasons and other auxiliary Yasukuni envoy, Wei Wei Lu Bode the army stationed in Guiyang, with the collusion of the messenger. At this time, Zhao Xing is young, and the Queen Mother is a Central Plains person. The real power of the South Vietnamese country is actually in the hands of Lu Jia.
When the Queen Mother did not marry Zhao Yingqi, she once had a private connection with Anguo and her family. The Anguo was sent out in a small season. They were once again privately accommodating, and the South Vietnamese people did not trust the Queen Mother. The Empress Dowager felt the isolation of the ruling and opposition, feared that the turmoil would endanger his position, and wanted to rely on the power of the Han Dynasty to consolidate his position. He repeatedly persuaded Zhao Xing and the ministers to belong to the Han Dynasty. At the same time, through the messenger to the Han Wudi, requesting to compare the princes of the Han Dynasty, every three years to Changan to see the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and to remove the border between the South Vietnamese and the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty promised the request of the Empress Dowager, and gave it to the Nanyue National Culture, the Internal History, and the Lieutenant.And Da Fu and other officials to the official seal, the remaining official positions by the South Vietnamese state, this means that the Han Dynasty court directly appoint and dismiss senior officials of the South Vietnamese state.
Emperor also abolished the south of the country before the tattoo punishment and Rhinotomy and other brutal tortur, execute the law, like the Han Dynasty in the princes of the Han Dynasty. At the same time, the messengers sent to the South Vietnamese countries will stay in the town of South Vietnam and strive to stabilize the situation in the South Vietnamese country. After receiving the decree of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhao Xing and Empress Dowager prepared to dress up and prepare to go to Chang'an to see Emperor Wu of Han [2].
The relatives of the South Vietnamese country, Lu Jia, are more long-lived, from Zhao Wei and Zhao Yingqi, to Zhao Xing, who is assisted by them for three generations. There are more than 70 clan members who have served as officials in South Vietnam. They have a marriage with the South Vietnamese royal family. Their status is conspicuous, and they have won the trust of more people. Prestige exceeds Zhao Xing. Lu Jia strongly opposed the South China’s domestic Han Dynasty and repeatedly advised Zhao Xing, but Zhao Xing did not listen. This caused Lu Jia to have the idea of betrayal, and repeatedly refused to meet the Han Dynasty messenger. The Han Dynasty messengers all noticed Lu Jia, but due to the situation, they were not able to kill Lu Jia. Zhao Xing and the Empress Dowager were afraid that Lu Jia would first make a disaster. He arranged a banquet to feast the Han Dynasty messengers and Lu Jia, and wanted to kill Lu Jia and others by the power of the Han Dynasty messengers. In the banquet, the Empress Dowager pointed out that Lu Jia was unwilling to belong to the Han Dynasty, and wanted to anger the Han Dynasty messengers to kill Lu Jia. However, at this time, the younger brother of Lu Jia, who was a general, was battling outside the palace, and the messengers such as Anguo Shaoyu were hesitant and did not dare to start.
Lu Jia was aware of the murderousness, and immediately got up and went out of the palace. The Queen Mother was furious and wanted to throw Lu Jia with a spear and was stopped by Zhao Xing. After returning to Lujia, Lu Jia divided the soldiers led by his brother to arrange for his defense to strengthen his defense. He no longer went to see Zhao Xing and the Han Dynasty messengers, and secretly conspired with the DPRK Minister to prepare for a coup. Lu Jia knew that Zhao Xing had no intention of killing him, so he did not take action for several months, and the Queen Mother wanted to kill Lu Jia, and there was no such ability [3].
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty heard that Lu Jia did not obey Zhao Xing, and that Zhao Xing and the Empress Dowager could not control Lu Jia. The messengers sent were timid and incompetent. At the same time, they believed that Zhao Xing and the Empress Dowager had already been attached to the Han Dynasty, but Lu Jia was in trouble. not worth launching a campaign, so would send Johnson participation rate of 2,000 South Vietnamese ambassador to the country. Zhuang ginseng or not, Emperor reassignment Hanqian Qiu and the Queen Mother's brother Liao Liao music before an annual rate of 112 to 2,000 people go south of the country.
After Han Qianqiu and Yanle entered the South Vietnamese country, Lu Jia and others finally launched a coup. Lu Jia said to the Chinese people that Zhao Xing was too young. The Empress Dowager was once a Han Dynasty, and he had a traitor with the Han Dynasty messengers. He wanted to belong to the Han Dynasty and wanted to dedicate the treasure left by the First King to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and wanted to go to Chang'an. The Nanyue people sold to the Han Dynasty as slaves, and they did not care about the social relations of the South Vietnamese countries, but only the favor of the Han Dynasty emperors. Later, Lu Jia and his younger brother led the troops into the palace, killing the messengers of Zhao Xing, the Empress Dowager and the Han Dynasty [4].
War process
After Lu Jia killed Zhao Xing, Zhao Jiande , the eldest son of Zhao Yingqi and the wife of Nanyue, was the new king of South Vietnam. He also sent people to inform the princes of the Nanyue Kingdom, Wang Zhaoguang, and the counties under the Nanyue country. Official. At this time, Han Qianqiu ’s army entered the territory of South Vietnam and captured several border towns. Subsequently, the South Vietnamese people pretended not to resist, and provided food and diet, so that Han Qianqiu’s army marched smoothly. When it was 40 miles away from Panyu, South Vietnam suddenly sent troops to attack Han Qianqiu’s army and wiped them out. It makes the Lu Jia Han Dynasty envoy tally installed with a wooden box, along with a pretend letter of apology to Han, placed on Chinese and Vietnamese border, but troops kept strictly defensive fortress in all of South Vietnam border. After the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty learned it, he was very angry. On the one hand, he paid the relatives of the deceased, and on the other hand, issued a letter of the South Vietnamese country. [5]
In the autumn of the first 112 years, Emperor Wu of Han sent a sinner and a sailor south of Jianghuai with a total of 100,000 soldiers. The soldiers attacked South Vietnam in five ways. The first road appointed Lu Bode as General Fubo, and led the troops from Guiyang (now Lianzhou City , Guangdong Province ) along Lishui (now Lianjiang in Guangdong Province). The second way to appoint the main Grand Commandery Yang servant to General Building boats, from Yu Zhang County had closed along the cross Pu Zhen water down. The third and fourth road road appointment of two South Vietnamese surrender Han Zheng Yan and Tian armor were under General Li Ge boat and generals, led troops from Lingling departure (Xing'an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region now North) and Zheng Yan The army went straight down the water, and the army of Tianjia went straight to the sky (now Ganzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region ). The fifth way to Chi Yi Hou Ho left the use of Prachuab sinners and Yelang troops, ewe Ke down the river. But the Southwest and more reluctant to send troops to the country, even and blue monarch also defied and killed the messenger of the Han Dynasty and Qianwei County Prefecture. [6] [7] The ultimate goal of the five-way army is the capital of the southern city of Panyu. [8] [9]At the same time, the East Yue Yu Shan also petition to Emperor Qingzhan, and 8,000 troops to assist Yang servant offensive south of the country, but the East line to the King's army in Jieyang when it is no longer an excuse to encounter storms forward, but also secretly sent messengers Report to the South Vietnam. [10]
In the winter of the year, that is, in the winter of the first 112 years, Yang servant led the elite soldiers, first attacked the gorge, and then attacked Shimen (in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province) in the north of Panyu City, and seized the warships and food of the South Vietnamese country. Advancing south, defeating the leader of the South Vietnamese country, led tens of thousands of troops to await Lubold’s army. Lu Bode led the sinners who were detained. The road was far away. When he was with Yang Pu, he arrived at more than a thousand people and went on together. Yang servant led the army in front and attacked Panyu. Zhao Jiande and Lu Jia were both in the city. Yang servant chose favorable terrain and stationed the army in the southeast of Panyu. After dark, Yang servant led troops to attack Panyu City and set fire to the city. And Lu Bode is in the northwest garrison city, sent a messenger to summon somebody to surrender South Vietnamese, South Vietnamese Lu Bode heard so much about Wal-Mart, so have defected to the Lu Bode's, at dawn, the defenders of the city's most south of the country has been Lubrizol Germany surrendered. Lu Jia and Zhao Jiande saw that the situation was not good. Before the dawn, they led hundreds of subordinates to flee and took the boat to the west. After asking about the surrendering Nanyue people, Lu Bode learned about the whereabouts of Lu Jia and Zhao Jiande and sent troops to hunt them down. Finally, Zhao Jiande Lu Bode was the Captain Sima Su Hong captured, and the Lu Jia is the former South Vietnamese State Lang Sun are captured. [11]
The reign of the Han Dynasty in the second year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (the first 87 years) After Lu Jia and Zhao Jiande were desecrated, the counties and counties under the Nanyue State included Cangwu Wang Zhaoguang, Guilin County, and Wendai County, and the Jieyang County Commander Shi Ding surrendered to the Han Dynasty without fighting. Zheng Yan Hu Tian armor army, and what left the mobilization of Yelang troops yet to reach, south of the country have been put down. In this way, the South Vietnamese country founded by Zhao Wei was finally wiped out by the Han Dynasty after the 93-year and five-generation Nanyue kings. [12] When the news of the pacification of South Vietnam passed the Han Dynasty, Emperor went to inspect is Gou's County (now in Henan Yanshi way southeast), and was living in a left-eup County Tongxiang (now Shanxi Wenxi North), then Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty established Wenxi County in Tongxiang. 111 years ago in spring, Han Lu Jia will be put to death their heads presented to the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty was the line to Jixian New Township (now in Henan Xinxiang City East), so the Han Dynasty and the establishment of the new township in won Jia County. In the same year, Zhao Jiande was also executed, and his first high was hung on the northern foot of the Han Dynasty Imperial Palace. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up the Sui and Tang Dynasties in Yizhou County (now Yunnan Province).Two counties in the northwest of Yongping County and Buwei (now northeast of Baoshan City, Yunnan Province ) migrated Lu Jia’s descendants and clan to the south. [13] [14] [15] [16] After the Nanyue Kingdom was settled, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up the South China Sea, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen and Ninan seven counties. In the first 111 years, Yang Pu led the army from Xuwen County (now Guangdong Province) in Hepu County to cross the sea and occupied Hainan Island. The Han Dynasty set it as the two counties of the ear, the Zhuya, and the former seven counties belonged to the Department of Jiaozhou. [17]
Influence
The reign of the Han Dynasty in the second year of Emperor Hanping (2 years)
Politics
Vietnam (ie Jiaozhi, nine true county, rinan Tri-County) has now entered the North is a long period (Vietnam for the first time the North is a period, Vietnam's north is a second period, Vietnam is a North Third period), intermediate Although there were many uprisings and local separatists, it was not until 970 that Ding was the emperor that Vietnam officially re-disengaged from Chinese rule. Because the people served too heavy, Zhuya County (Dan ear County after incorporating) frequent local rebellion, 65 years after the establishment of the county, beginning yuan three years (46 years ago) Han Emperor adopted Jia donated the proposed waste Zhuya County. [18] [19]. Population.
After Zhao Xuan Zhongxing, according to Han in the Western Han Dynasty late Han Emperor Ping Yuanshi years (AD 2) statistics, the Lingnan region seven county population within the statistical range to reach 1,372,290 people [20] (ie South County, Yulin County, Cangwu County, Jiaozhi, Hepu County, nine true gun, rinan seven gun while Dan ear County, Zhuya County two counties had been abandoned in 46 BC) [21] Although rebellion often occurred in parts of Lingnan in the late Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty. But the region's population Eastern Han Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty still remain considerable, Emperor Shun of Han period Gogun population in statistics reached 1,114,444 people (including the only South County, Cangwu County, Hepu County, nine true county, rinan Gogun population). [twenty two].
Culture
According to the French scholar Oruso , the Vietnamese region still preserved a number of its own cultures during its first northern genus . At that time, the Yue people had broken tattoos . This short-haired habit was in the 10th century after the era. Habits such as chewing betel black teeth are also beginning to pass at this time. In the western part of Hanoi , there was a custom of brothers and wives (wife brothers married). Until the 3rd century, the Ming Dynasty bureaucrats had not been able to abolish this custom. The Luo more human social organization, places Luo Wang, Luo Hou, the Luo and other governance cent. These customs, the Qin Dynasty did not give changes, the South Vietnamese Zhao also followed the Qin Dynasty policy. [23] In the future , when the Western Han Dynasty ruled, it was also the rule of the old people. The dominance, economic interests, and living habits of the tribal chiefs (雒王,雒侯) remained unchanged. [twenty four]
In terms of marriage rules and regulations, Jiuzhen and other places are still in the form of dual marriage of the original clan system. This is in the eyes of the Central Plains people. "There is no marriage and ritual, each because of kinkyness, no suitable pair, no knowledge of the nature of the father and son, the couple's way." According to scholars Guo Zhenduo and Zhang Xiaomei , this is actually a model of dual marriage , which is primitive. A form of marriage in the matriarchal clan society in the social period . However, Ren Yan also believes that there is a need to change. Therefore, he has reformed the local marriage customs by "every 20 to 50 males and fifteen to forty females, all of which match each other. In order to help the marriage of the local men and women, the marriage of the local men and women will also be transferred to the patriarchal system. [25]
Culturally, Chinese rulers also attach importance to the introduction of the Central Plains culture. In Wang Mang , the mainland has adopted migration and exile Luo the strategy of people living together, "quite resettlement China sinners, so that inhabited their leisure, is a little-known language, gradually Jian Li of" Eastern Han Dynasty of tin light , either The governors of Yan and other districts are also committed to cultural promotion, "establishing schools and guiding the righteousness", [26] and then "leading the South China style, starting with the second guard." [27]
Technical economy.
In terms of economic production, the agricultural technology in Vietnam is relatively backward. For example, Jiuzhen County people only know how to shoot, do not know cattle farming, and use fire to burn the fields. To any extension of the Eastern Han Dynasty emperor in the early years served nine true prefect time, will teach the locals to make farm tools, local agricultural production is the improved. [28]
Comment
1. ^ The time of Zhao Yingqi's death, "Historical Records" and "Han Shu" are not clearly recorded. There are many inferences in later generations. This article takes "the first 113 years" (reference is [1] ).
Chiến tranh Hán - Nam Việt là một cuộc chiến tranh giữa nhà Hán và nước Nam Việt vào cuối thế kỷ thứ nhì (II) trước Công nguyên.
Bối cảnh lịch sử
Bản đồ khu vực khoảng 200 năm TCN.
Nước Nam Việt phía Tây giáp Dạ Lang và Câu Đinh, phía Đông giáp Mân Việt, phía Nam giáp với dãy Hoành Sơn, phía Bắc giáp nhà Hán.
Năm 221 TCN, sau khi Tần Thủy Hoàng thâu tóm Trung Nguyên, ông đã cho xây dựng một nhà nước trung ương tập quyền phong kiến.
Tham vọng xâm chiếm lãnh thổ vẫn không dứt, Tần Thủy Hoàng tiếp tục sai Đồ Thư đem quân, sai Sử Lộc đào ngòi vận lương đi đánh lấy Bách Việt, trong đó là một dải các tỉnh Quảng Đông, Quảng Tây, Phúc Kiến ngày nay lập thành quận mà thống trị.
Sau khi nhà Tần mất, hình thành ba quốc gia của người Bách Việt là:
-- Đông Âu (trị ở Đông Âu, thành phố Ôn Châu tỉnh Chiết Giang ngày nay),
-- Mân Việt,
-- Nam Việt.
Năm 196 TCN, Hán Cao Tổ sai Lục Giả đi sắc phong Triệu Đà làm Nam Việt Vương.
Năm 191 TCN, nhà Tây Hán dưới thời Lã Hậu đóng cửa ải buôn bán với Nam Việt, ngăn chặn trao đổi đồ sắt, trâu cái, làm khó sản xuất nông nghiệp của Nam Việt, làm xấu quan hệ với Nam Việt. Triệu Đà bèn tuyên bố độc lập hoàn toàn khỏi nhà Hán, tự xưng hiệu là Nam Việt Vũ Đế. Triệu Đà cho rằng ngăn chặn buôn bán là do Trường Sa Vương ly gián, bèn phát binh đánh úp biên giới của nước Trường Sa. Cao Hậu lệnh cho Long Lự hầu Chu Táo đem quân đánh Nam Việt, vì quân sĩ không quen đất nước miền nam, quân mệt mỏi chẳng nên công. Khi Cao Hậu chết (180 TCN), nhà Hán bãi binh.
Hán Văn Đế kế vị, sai Thái trung Đại phu Lục Giả đem thư cho Triệu Đà. Khi nghe Lục Giả thuyết phục phải trái hơn thiệt, Triệu Đà đã quyết định bỏ danh hiệu Đế, quy phục nhà Hán và dùng lại hiệu Nam Việt Vương.
Năm 125 TCN, Mân Việt cử binh đến xâm phạm quận huyện biên giới của Nam Việt. Hán Vũ Đế dùng Đại hành Vương Khôi, Đại Nông lệnh Hàn An Quốc chia ra đem quân xuống phía nam đánh Mân Việt. Quân Hán chưa đến, em của Mân Việt Vương là Dư Thiện và họ hàng đại thần cùng giết Mân Việt Vương hàng quân Hán.
Năm 113 TCN, Hán Vũ Đế sai An Quốc Thiếu Quý đến Nam Việt, đem lệnh dụ Triệu Ai Vương, Cù Thái hậu vào chầu giống với chư hầu trong nước, lại lệnh Vệ úy Lộ Bác Đức đóng quân ở Quế Dương tiếp ứng.
Trong tập đoàn thống trị Nam Việt chia rẽ: Cù Thái hậu định cùng con trai Triệu Hưng (mới có 4 tuổi) chủ trương vào kinh chầu nhà Hán, cùng gửi thư lên Hán Vũ Đế, nguyện theo luật lệ của chư hầu trong nước, ba năm hầu cận một lần; Thừa tướng ba đời của Nam Việt là Lữ Gia hết sức phản đối, đôi bên đấu tranh dữ dội. Hán Vũ Đế lệnh cho Hàn Thiên Thu đem 2000 quân vào Nam Việt muốn giết Lữ Gia. Mùa xuân năm 112 TCN, Lữ Gia bèn viết cáo kêu gọi trong nước về hành động bán nước của Cù hậu, rồi giết Triệu Ai Vương, Cù Thái hậu, sứ giả nhà Hán và giết hết quân của Hàn Thiên Thu, lập riêng Triệu Kiến Đức làm vua.
Diễn biến
Xem thêm: Triệu Dương Vương, Lữ Gia, Tây Vu Vương, và Hán Vũ Đế
Vua Hán nghe tin Hàn Thiên Thu bị giết, sai Phục ba tướng quân Lộ Bác Đức xuất phát từ Quế Dương, Lâu thuyền tướng quân Dương Bộc xuất phát từ Dự Chương, Qua thuyền tướng quân Nghiêm[1] xuất phát từ Linh Lăng, Hạ lại tướng quân Giáp[2] đem quân xuống Thương Ngô, Trì Nghĩa hầu Quý[3] đem quân Dạ Lang xuống sông Tường Kha, đều hội cả ở Phiên Ngung.
Mùa đông năm 111 TCN, tướng nhà Hán là Dương Bộc đem 9000 tinh binh hãm Tầm Hiệp, phá Thạch Môn lấy được thuyền thóc của quân Triệu, kéo luôn cả các thuyền ấy đi, đem mấy vạn người đợi Lộ Bác Đức. Bác Đức cùng Bộc hội quân tiến đến Phiên Ngung.
Triệu Thuật Dương Vương và Lữ Gia cùng giữ thành. Dương Bộc tự chọn chỗ thuận tiện đóng ở mặt đông nam, Lộ Bác Đức đóng ở mặt tây bắc.
Vừa chập tối, Dương Bộc đánh bại quân Triệu, phóng lửa đốt thành. Bác Đức không biết quân trong thành nhiều hay ít bèn đóng doanh, sai sứ chiêu dụ. Ai ra hàng đều được Đức cho ấn thao và tha cho về để chiêu dụ nhau. Dương Bộc cố sức đánh, đuổi quân Triệu chạy ngược vào dinh quân của Lộ Bác Đức. Đến tờ mờ sáng thì quân trong thành đầu hàng. Triệu Dương Vương và Lữ Gia cùng với vài trăm người, đang đêm chạy ra biển.
Bác Đức lại hỏi những người đầu hàng biết chỗ ở của Lữ Gia, bèn sai người đuổi theo. Hiệu úy tư mã là Tô Hoằng (蘇弘) bắt được Kiến Đức, Quan lang của Nam Việt là Đô Kê (都稽; có bản chép là Tôn Đô) bắt được Lữ Gia.
Lữ Gia và vua Triệu sau đó đều bị quân Hán giết. Dựa trên hệ thống các đền, miếu, đình, chùa thờ Lữ Gia, phu nhân và các tướng lĩnh của ông rải rác trên khắp vùng đồng bằng sông Hồng ở miền Bắc Việt Nam, rất có thể cuộc kháng chiến chống nhà Tây Hán còn kéo dài đến năm 98 TCN.
Sau khi Phiên Ngung thất thủ, Tây Vu Vương (thủ lĩnh đất tự trị Tây Vu với trung tâm là Cổ Loa[4][5]) đã nổi dậy chống lại nguy cơ Bắc thuộc trước sự xâm lăng của nhà Tây Hán.[6] Tả tướng Hoàng Đồng (黄同) của hai quận Giao Chỉ và Cửu Chân đã giết chết Tây Vu Vương để hàng Hán.[7]
Thương Ngô vương Triệu Quang cùng họ hàng với vua nhà Triệu, nghe tin quân Hán đến, xin hàng, được phong làm Tùy Đào hầu[8]; Huyện lệnh huyện Yết Dương là Sử Ðịnh (史定) hàng Hán được phong làm An Đạo hầu[9]; tướng nhà Triệu là Tất Thủ (畢取) mang quân ra hàng được phong làm Liêu hầu[10]; quan Giám quận Quế Lâm là Cư Ông (居翁) dụ 40 vạn dân hai quận Giao Chỉ và Cửu Chân ra hàng được phong làm Tương Thành hầu[11]. Vậy là các xứ ở Nam Việt đều xin hàng. Nước Nam Việt mất.
Lãnh thổ nhà Hán thời Hán Vũ Đế.
Tại Nam Việt nhà Hán lập thành chín quận:
• Nam Hải (nay là tỉnh Quảng Đông, Trung Quốc)
• Thương Ngô (nay thuộc tỉnh Quảng Tây, Trung Quốc)
• Uất Lâm (nay thuộc tỉnh Quảng Tây, Trung Quốc) • Hợp Phố (nam Quảng Tây và tây nam Quảng Đông ngày nay)
• Chu Nhai (thuộc đảo Hải Nam ngày nay)
• Đạm Nhĩ (thuộc đảo Hải Nam ngày nay)
• Giao Chỉ (nay là miền Bắc Việt Nam và phía đông Quảng Tây)
• Cửu Chân (nay là ba tỉnh Thanh Hóa-Nghệ An-Hà Tĩnh)
• Nhật Nam (từ Đèo Ngang đến Quảng Nam)
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_H%C3%A1n-Nam_Vi%E1%BB%87t
Han conquest of Nanyue
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_conquest_of_Nanyue The Han conquest of Nanyue was a military conflict between the Han empire and the Nanyue kingdom in modern Guangdong, Guangxi, and Northern Vietnam. During the reign of Emperor Wu, the Han forces launched a punitive campaign against Nanyue and conquered it in 111 BC.
See also: Southward expansion of the Han dynasty
To the regions south of China, Zhao Tuo had established himself as the King of Nanyue.[1][2] Zhao was a man whose ancestors originated from Zhengding, China.[2] The Han frontier in the south was not threatened and there was no indication that Zhao Tuo would encroach on Han territory.[1] In 196 BC, Emperor Gaozu sent Lu Jia on a diplomatic mission to Nanyue to officially recognize Zhao Tuo.[1] Nevertheless, relations between Han and Nanyue were sometimes strained.[3] Zhao Tuo resented Empress Lü's ban on exports of metal wares and female livestock to Nanyue.[3] In 183 BC, he proclaimed himself the "Martial Emperor of the South" (南武帝), which implied a perceived status on equal footing with the Han emperor.[4] Two years later, Nanyue attacked the Changsha Kingdom, a constituent kingdom of the Han empire.[4] In 180 BC, Lu Jia led a diplomatic mission to Nanyue.[3] During negotiations, he succeeded in convincing Zhao Tuo to give up on his title as emperor and pay homage to Han as a nominal vassal.[3]
Jade burial suit of King Zhao Mo
In 135 BC, King Zhao Mo of Nanyue appealed to the Han court for help against attacking Minyue forces.[5] The Han court responded swiftly and this led to Zhao Mo's agreement to send his son, Prince Zhao Yingqi, to serve in the palace at Chang'an.[6] Even though Nanyue neglected to pay regular homage to the Han court, the court had its attention focused on other commitments and was not set on forcing the issue.[5] At the Nanyue court in 113 BC, the Queen Dowager of Nanyue suggested incorporating Nanyue as a kingdom under the suzerainty of the Han empire, thus formally integrating the kingdom on the same terms as the other kingdoms of the Han empire.[6] She was Chinese herself and was married to Zhao Yingqi.[6] However, many Nanyue ministers opposed this suggestion.[6] Lü Jia was the primary Nanyue official to oppose the idea and he led the opposition against the Queen Dowager.[5] In 112 BC, the opposition retaliated violently and executed the Queen Dowager, a provocation that led to the mobilization of a large Han naval force into Nanyue.[5]
The Chinese forces comprised six armies, who traveled by sea, directly southward, or from Sichuan along the Xi River.[7] In 111 BC, General Lu Bode and General Yang Pu advanced towards Panyu (present-day Guangzhou).[5] This resulted in the surrender of Nanyue to the Han empire later that year.[5] Aftermath[edit]
Main article: First Chinese domination of Vietnam>
After the conquest of Nanyue in 111 BC, the Han empire established nine new commanderies to administer the former Nanyue territories.[5] Han control proceeded to expand further southwestward by military means after the conquest.[8] Following the conquest, the Han empire gradually extended its overseas trade with the various countries in Southeast Asia and around the Indian Ocean.[9]
汉平南越之战 / The Battle of South Vietnam with Hanping
漢平南越之戰 / The Battle of South Vietnam with Hanping. 漢朝南擴的一部分 / Part of the south-south expansion of the Han Dynasty The Battle of South Vietnam in Hanping
参战方 南越國 西漢 閩越國 / The war-party, South Vietnam, West Han, Vietnam.
世紀漢朝的擴張 日期 前112年 地点 岭南 结果 南越國亡，并入漢朝。The expansion of the Han Dynasty of the century The date of 112 years ago, The location of Lingnan resulted in the death of the South Vietnamese and the territorial was being occupied by Han military force into the Han Dynasty.
Yue/Viet /Bai Yue/ Nan Yue / Min Yue old time's customer
Y phục cổ truyền của người Việt, Bách Việt, Nam Việt và Mân Việt.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Thanh gươm của vua Câu Tiễn
9
-----------------------------------------------------------
The Baiyue, Hundred Yue or Yue were various indigenous non-Chinese peoples who inhabited the region stretching along the coastal area from Shandong to southeast China and as far west as the Sichuan Basin between the first millennium BC and the first millennium AD.[1] Meacham (1996:93) notes that, during the Zhou and Han dynasties, the Yue lived in a vast territory from Jiangsu to Yunnan,[2] while Barlow (1997:2) indicates that the Luoyue occupied the southwest Guangxi and northern Vietnam.[3] The Han shu (漢書) describes the lands of Yue as stretching from the regions of Kuaiji (會稽) to Jiaozhi (交趾).[4] In the Warring States period, the word "Yue" referred to the State of Yue in Zhejiang. The later kingdoms of Minyue in Fujian and Nanyue in Guangdong were both considered Yue states.
Bách Việt (百越/百粵; bính âm: bǎi yuè) bao hàm các dân tộc Việt cổ chưa bị Hán hóa, đã từng sống ở vùng đất mà ngày nay thuộc lãnh thổ phía nam Trung Quốc và miền Bắc Việt Nam giữa thiên kỷ I / thiên niên kỷ Thứ Nhất Trước Công Nguyên, vùng đất mà các dân tộc này đã sinh sống. Các chữ (越, 粵, 鉞) nghĩa là "Việt". Chữ "Bách Việt" được chép là trong Sử Ký (Ngô Khởi Truyện) của Tư Mã Thiên hoàn thành năm 91 Trước Công Nguyên [3].
Các sách cổ nói đến nhiều nhóm Bách Việt, trong đó có
Câu Ngô (句吳),
Ư Việt (於越),
Dương Việt (揚越),
Cán Việt (干越),
Sơn Việt (山越),
Dạ Lang (夜郎),
Điền Việt (滇越 / 盔越),
Mân Việt,
Lạc Việt (雒越),
Âu Việt (甌越 - hay còn gọi là Tây Âu - 西甌)...
Các bộ tộc Bách Việt này có văn hóa và ngôn ngữ gần giống nhau, nhóm bộ tộc này đều có chữ viết còn sơ khai tượng hình.
Từ năm 220-210 trước công nguyên Nhà Tần - Tần Thủy Hoàng đã đánh bại phần lớn các tộc Bách Việt. Sau đó, họ lại bị người nhà Hán chiếm. Duy có Lạc Việt và Âu Việt là là nhóm dân Việt tộc cư ngụ ở miền Bắc Việt Nam ngày nay không bị đồng hóa. Âu Việt là tổ tiên của người Tày-Nùng, Lạc Việt là tổ tiên trực tiếp của người Kinh ở Việt Nam ngày nay.
The Baiyue Tribe [1] has a consistent genetic origin [1], which originated in the Guangdong area about 30,000 to 40,000 years ago, and then gradually spread and merged with other tribes to evolve into different ethnic groups. The gap and the development of characters are relatively backward, so different myths and legends have formed. Baiyue was a relative to the Zhuxia Group from the Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou Dynasties. Refers to southern tribes that use the production tool (or weapon) of "戉". Widely distributed in the lower reaches of the great rivers in the southern part of the Asian continent. Its internal "castes", so it was called "Baiyue" during the Warring States Period.
百越部落 [註 1]擁有一致的遺傳學起源[1]，大約於三、四萬年前發源於廣東一帶，而後慢慢擴散開來並與其他部族融合演變成不同的民族，加上地理隔閡及文字發展相對落後，故而形成不同的神話起源傳說。百越从夏、商、西周时期开始是一个相對於諸夏集團的他称。是指使用“戉”这种生产工具（或兵器）的南方部落。广泛分布于亚洲大陆南部大江大河的下游。其内部“各有种姓”，故战国时将之称为“百越”。[2]
--------------------------------------------------------
백월
위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.
둘러보기로 가기검색하러 가기
백월(百越)은 고대 중국 대륙의 남방, 주로 화난이라고 불렸던 장강 이남에서 현재의 베트남에 이르는 광대한 지역에 살고 있던, 월나라의 여러 민족 중의 하나인 백월족의 총칭을 일컫는다. 월인(越人), 월족(越族) 이라고도 부른다. 혼혈되어 반한족화된 사람들 및 비한족 사람들을 모두 포함하며, 현대의 베트남과 연관은 있지만 동의어는 아니다.
개요[편집]
현재의 저장 성의 동안이 기원이라고 볼 수 있다. 언어는 고월어를 사용하였으며, 북방의 상고 한어를 사용하는 한족과는 언어가 달라 말은 통하지 않았다. 진나라 및 한나라 때에는 북방은 호(胡), 남방은 월(越)로 불렸으며, 월(越)은 남방 민족의 총칭이었던 말이었다. 광둥어(粵語), 간어(贛語), 우어(吳語), 민어(閩語)는 모두 백월의 백월어(百越語)와 관련이 깊다.
주나라가 등장하는 춘추시대에는 오나라와 월나라를 세운 민족이었다. 진나라 시황제의 중국 통일 후 그 제국의 지배하에 놓였다. 한나라 때에는 두 개의 월이라는 나라를 확인할 수 있다. 하나는 중국 남부, 현재의 광둥성, 광시성, 베트남에 걸쳐 존재한 남월이며, 다른 하나는 민강(閩江)(푸젠성의 강) 주변의 민월(閩越)이다. 이 시대 중국의 남방을 차지한 월인은 북방에서의 중국인에 의한 힘의 지배에 반발하여 자주 반란이 일어났다. 쯩 자매(徵氏姐妹)의 란은 현대에 전해지는 당시의 반란의 하나이다. 그 다음은 서서히 북방에서 남하하면서 월인의 일부는 중국인과 섞였고, 또 다른 일부는 산악의 고지나 구릉지대 등에 옮겨 궁핍하고 어려운 생활에 몸을 던지는 사람들로 분열되는 등의 월인의 생활권에는 큰 변화가 일어났다. 북부 베트남은 중국의 지배가 약해지면서, 939년에 최초의 민족 왕조인 응오 왕조가 오권에 의해 세워졌다. 월나라를 잃고서, 점차 월인으로서의 정체성을 잃어 갔지만, 현재에도 광둥성 일대의 방언인 광둥어를 월어(粵語)이라고 부르며, 광둥성 차량 번호판에는 월(粵)이라고 표기되고 있으며, 또 베트남을 한자로 월남(越南)이라고 써 나타내고 있는 것들은 모두 월나라의 흔적이다.
월인 관련 명칭[편집]
중국의 역사서나 문헌에 대해서는, 월인에 관한 기술은 월(越), 월(鉞), 월(粵)(중국 한자), 백월(百粵)로서 나타난다. 월(越), 월(粵), 월(鉞)은 모두 현대 병음에서 yuè로 발음된다.
같이 보기
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Moon 백월
Baekwol (百越) is China's ancient southern continents, mostly angry called as the Yangtze River in the south of the current Vietnam living in a vast area ranging, May kingdom refers to one of a number of generic back-woljok nation. Moonin (越 人), also known as moon tribe (越 族). It includes both mixed and anti-Hanan people and non-Han people, and is associated with but not synonymous with modern Vietnam.
Overview [ edit ]
This is the origin of the present Zhejiang province. The language used was Kowol, and the language was different from that of the Han Chinese, which used northern Chinese. During the Qin and Han Dynasty, the northern part was called Ho and the southern part was called Moon, and the month was the general term of the southern people. Cantonese (粵語), ganeo (贛語), Wu (吳語), croaker (閩語) are all closely related to the bag woleo (百越語) of baekwol.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhou Dynasty emerged as the people who set up the Onara and the Moon. After the Qin emperor's reunification of China, it was under the control of the empire. In the Han Dynasty, we can identify two months. One is southern month, which spans southern China, the present Guangdong province, Guangxi province, and Vietnam, and the other is the Minwol around the Mingang River. The Chinese, who occupied southern China during this time, frequently rebelled against the rule of power by the Chinese in the north. The column of Sister 쯩 is one of the uprisings of modern times. Afterwards, there was a big change in the life of the Moon, such as the southern part of the land, which was mixed with the Chinese, and the other part was transferred to the highlands and hills of the mountains and divided into people who were throwing themselves into needy and difficult life. woke up. As northern Vietnam weakened the dominance of China, the nation's first dynasty in 939 years Ngô Dynasty has five built by. Losing the moon, gradually losing its identity as a moon, but even today, Cantonese, the dialect of the Guangdong province, is called the Chinese language. The words 써 南) are all traces of the moon.
Related title [ edit ]
In Chinese history books and literature, the description of the moon person appears as moon, moon, moon (Chinese kanji), and moon. The month, month, and month are all pronounced yuè.
Source: https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EC%9B%94
-------------------------------------
Bakyied
跳到导航跳到搜索
nyenz Bakyied
Bakyied dwg aen lizsij minzcuz youq baihnamz Cunghgoz caiqlij Yiednamz, bauhamz Ganhvied, Yangzyied, Dungh'ouh, Minjyied, Namzyied, Saeouh caiqlij Loyied dengj.
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%8A
Baiyue
Baiyue (Bat Viet (Viet. Bách Việt), Chinese trade. 百越, pinyin: bǎiyuè, pall.: Baiyue, literally: “one hundred yue”) is a term meaning ancient Chinese and non-Chinese tribes living in the south of modern China and in the north of Vietnam from the first millennium BC. e. and until the end of the first millennium AD; they allegedly spoke Yue [1] [2]. In the Period of the Battle of the Kingdoms, the word "Yue" meant the kingdom of Yue, in Zhejiang. The later kingdoms of Mingyue and Nanyue are considered Buyuys. Chinese scribes portrayed the Yuesans as barbarians, who covered bodies with tattoos and lived in primitive societies, did not use bows, did not ride horses and chariots. Baiue is compared to the lost tribes of Israel, as Chinese historians speculate on their history [3]. Those scholars who associate the bayue with the South Chinese peoples face problems in interpreting hieroglyphs, and those who consider the bayue to be Vietnamese often express nationalist views [3]. Many South Chinese and North Vietnamese peoples are considered to be descendants of Bayue or having connections with them [3] [4].
Baiue, among others, are the ancestors of modern Vieta. Since “yue” is the Chinese pronunciation of the Vietnamese word “Viet,” then “Bai Yue” can be translated into Russian as “one hundred yue” and as “one hundred Viet”. This name is probably associated with the ancient Vietnamese legend about the origin of the first hundred clans of viet from the 100 sons of the hero of the sovereign dragon Lac Long Kuan and his wife - the mountain fairy Au Ko [5].
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8E%D1%8D
百越
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%8A
Bách Việt (百越/百粵; bính âm: bǎi yuè) bao hàm các dân tộc Việt cổ chưa bị Hán hóa, đã từng sống ở vùng đất mà ngày nay thuộc lãnh thổ phía nam Trung Quốc và miền Bắc Việt Nam giữa thiên kỷ I / thiên niên kỷ Thứ Nhất Trước Công Nguyên, vùng đất mà các dân tộc này đã sinh sống. Các chữ (越, 粵, 鉞) nghĩa là "Việt". Chữ "Bách Việt" được chép là trong Sử Ký (Ngô Khởi Truyện) của Tư Mã Thiên hoàn thành năm 91 Trước Công Nguyên [3].
Các sách cổ nói đến nhiều nhóm Bách Việt, trong đó có
Câu Ngô (句吳),
Ư Việt (於越),
Dương Việt (揚越),
Cán Việt (干越),
Sơn Việt (山越),
Dạ Lang (夜郎),
Điền Việt (滇越 / 盔越),
Mân Việt,
Lạc Việt (雒越),
Âu Việt (甌越 - hay còn gọi là Tây Âu - 西甌)...
Các bộ tộc Bách Việt này có văn hóa và ngôn ngữ gần giống nhau, nhóm bộ tộc này đều có chữ viết còn sơ khai tượng hình.
Từ năm 220-210 trước công nguyên Nhà Tần - Tần Thủy Hoàng đã đánh bại phần lớn các tộc Bách Việt. Sau đó, họ lại bị người nhà Hán chiếm. Duy có Lạc Việt và Âu Việt là là nhóm dân Việt tộc cư ngụ ở miền Bắc Việt Nam ngày nay không bị đồng hóa. Âu Việt là tổ tiên của người Tày-Nùng, Lạc Việt là tổ tiên trực tiếp của người Kinh ở Việt Nam ngày nay.
The Baiyue Tribe [1] has a consistent genetic origin [1], which originated in the Guangdong area about 30,000 to 40,000 years ago, and then gradually spread and merged with other tribes to evolve into different ethnic groups. The gap and the development of characters are relatively backward, so different myths and legends have formed. Baiyue was a relative to the Zhuxia Group from the Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou Dynasties. Refers to southern tribes that use the production tool (or weapon) of "戉". Widely distributed in the lower reaches of the great rivers in the southern part of the Asian continent. Its internal "castes", so it was called "Baiyue" during the Warring States Period.
百越部落 [註 1]擁有一致的遺傳學起源[1]，大約於三、四萬年前發源於廣東一帶，而後慢慢擴散開來並與其他部族融合演變成不同的民族，加上地理隔閡及文字發展相對落後，故而形成不同的神話起源傳說。百越从夏、商、西周时期开始是一个相對於諸夏集團的他称。是指使用“戉”这种生产工具（或兵器）的南方部落。广泛分布于亚洲大陆南部大江大河的下游。其内部“各有种姓”，故战国时将之称为“百越”。[2]
--------------------------------------------------------
백월
위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.
둘러보기로 가기검색하러 가기
백월(百越)은 고대 중국 대륙의 남방, 주로 화난이라고 불렸던 장강 이남에서 현재의 베트남에 이르는 광대한 지역에 살고 있던, 월나라의 여러 민족 중의 하나인 백월족의 총칭을 일컫는다. 월인(越人), 월족(越族) 이라고도 부른다. 혼혈되어 반한족화된 사람들 및 비한족 사람들을 모두 포함하며, 현대의 베트남과 연관은 있지만 동의어는 아니다.
개요[편집]
현재의 저장 성의 동안이 기원이라고 볼 수 있다. 언어는 고월어를 사용하였으며, 북방의 상고 한어를 사용하는 한족과는 언어가 달라 말은 통하지 않았다. 진나라 및 한나라 때에는 북방은 호(胡), 남방은 월(越)로 불렸으며, 월(越)은 남방 민족의 총칭이었던 말이었다. 광둥어(粵語), 간어(贛語), 우어(吳語), 민어(閩語)는 모두 백월의 백월어(百越語)와 관련이 깊다.
주나라가 등장하는 춘추시대에는 오나라와 월나라를 세운 민족이었다. 진나라 시황제의 중국 통일 후 그 제국의 지배하에 놓였다. 한나라 때에는 두 개의 월이라는 나라를 확인할 수 있다. 하나는 중국 남부, 현재의 광둥성, 광시성, 베트남에 걸쳐 존재한 남월이며, 다른 하나는 민강(閩江)(푸젠성의 강) 주변의 민월(閩越)이다. 이 시대 중국의 남방을 차지한 월인은 북방에서의 중국인에 의한 힘의 지배에 반발하여 자주 반란이 일어났다. 쯩 자매(徵氏姐妹)의 란은 현대에 전해지는 당시의 반란의 하나이다. 그 다음은 서서히 북방에서 남하하면서 월인의 일부는 중국인과 섞였고, 또 다른 일부는 산악의 고지나 구릉지대 등에 옮겨 궁핍하고 어려운 생활에 몸을 던지는 사람들로 분열되는 등의 월인의 생활권에는 큰 변화가 일어났다. 북부 베트남은 중국의 지배가 약해지면서, 939년에 최초의 민족 왕조인 응오 왕조가 오권에 의해 세워졌다. 월나라를 잃고서, 점차 월인으로서의 정체성을 잃어 갔지만, 현재에도 광둥성 일대의 방언인 광둥어를 월어(粵語)이라고 부르며, 광둥성 차량 번호판에는 월(粵)이라고 표기되고 있으며, 또 베트남을 한자로 월남(越南)이라고 써 나타내고 있는 것들은 모두 월나라의 흔적이다.
월인 관련 명칭[편집]
중국의 역사서나 문헌에 대해서는, 월인에 관한 기술은 월(越), 월(鉞), 월(粵)(중국 한자), 백월(百粵)로서 나타난다. 월(越), 월(粵), 월(鉞)은 모두 현대 병음에서 yuè로 발음된다.
같이 보기
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Moon 백월
Baekwol (百越) is China's ancient southern continents, mostly angry called as the Yangtze River in the south of the current Vietnam living in a vast area ranging, May kingdom refers to one of a number of generic back-woljok nation. Moonin (越 人), also known as moon tribe (越 族). It includes both mixed and anti-Hanan people and non-Han people, and is associated with but not synonymous with modern Vietnam.
Overview [ edit ]
This is the origin of the present Zhejiang province. The language used was Kowol, and the language was different from that of the Han Chinese, which used northern Chinese. During the Qin and Han Dynasty, the northern part was called Ho and the southern part was called Moon, and the month was the general term of the southern people. Cantonese (粵語), ganeo (贛語), Wu (吳語), croaker (閩語) are all closely related to the bag woleo (百越語) of baekwol.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhou Dynasty emerged as the people who set up the Onara and the Moon. After the Qin emperor's reunification of China, it was under the control of the empire. In the Han Dynasty, we can identify two months. One is southern month, which spans southern China, the present Guangdong province, Guangxi province, and Vietnam, and the other is the Minwol around the Mingang River. The Chinese, who occupied southern China during this time, frequently rebelled against the rule of power by the Chinese in the north. The column of Sister 쯩 is one of the uprisings of modern times. Afterwards, there was a big change in the life of the Moon, such as the southern part of the land, which was mixed with the Chinese, and the other part was transferred to the highlands and hills of the mountains and divided into people who were throwing themselves into needy and difficult life. woke up. As northern Vietnam weakened the dominance of China, the nation's first dynasty in 939 years Ngô Dynasty has five built by. Losing the moon, gradually losing its identity as a moon, but even today, Cantonese, the dialect of the Guangdong province, is called the Chinese language. The words 써 南) are all traces of the moon.
Related title [ edit ]
In Chinese history books and literature, the description of the moon person appears as moon, moon, moon (Chinese kanji), and moon. The month, month, and month are all pronounced yuè.
Source: https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EC%9B%94
-------------------------------------
Bakyied
跳到导航跳到搜索
nyenz Bakyied
Bakyied dwg aen lizsij minzcuz youq baihnamz Cunghgoz caiqlij Yiednamz, bauhamz Ganhvied, Yangzyied, Dungh'ouh, Minjyied, Namzyied, Saeouh caiqlij Loyied dengj.
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%8A
Baiyue
Baiyue (Bat Viet (Viet. Bách Việt), Chinese trade. 百越, pinyin: bǎiyuè, pall.: Baiyue, literally: “one hundred yue”) is a term meaning ancient Chinese and non-Chinese tribes living in the south of modern China and in the north of Vietnam from the first millennium BC. e. and until the end of the first millennium AD; they allegedly spoke Yue [1] [2]. In the Period of the Battle of the Kingdoms, the word "Yue" meant the kingdom of Yue, in Zhejiang. The later kingdoms of Mingyue and Nanyue are considered Buyuys. Chinese scribes portrayed the Yuesans as barbarians, who covered bodies with tattoos and lived in primitive societies, did not use bows, did not ride horses and chariots. Baiue is compared to the lost tribes of Israel, as Chinese historians speculate on their history [3]. Those scholars who associate the bayue with the South Chinese peoples face problems in interpreting hieroglyphs, and those who consider the bayue to be Vietnamese often express nationalist views [3]. Many South Chinese and North Vietnamese peoples are considered to be descendants of Bayue or having connections with them [3] [4].
Baiue, among others, are the ancestors of modern Vieta. Since “yue” is the Chinese pronunciation of the Vietnamese word “Viet,” then “Bai Yue” can be translated into Russian as “one hundred yue” and as “one hundred Viet”. This name is probably associated with the ancient Vietnamese legend about the origin of the first hundred clans of viet from the 100 sons of the hero of the sovereign dragon Lac Long Kuan and his wife - the mountain fairy Au Ko [5].
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8E%D1%8D
百越
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%8A
> Baiyue
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baiyue
................................................
Non-Hán occupied and habitatted in Hoàng Hà River before Hán Chinese came.
Thực chất chỉ có Nghiêu, Thuấn có thể coi là bán thực bán huyền (semi-historique). Trong đó, Nghiêu và Thuấn còn được gọi là Nhị Đế, cùng với Hạ Vũ, người sáng lập ra nhà Hạ, là được vị vua.
Chuyên Húc (顓頊).
Đế Cốc (帝嚳).
Đế Nghiêu (帝堯).
Đế Thuấn (帝舜).
Thượng thư tự (尚書序) cho là Thiếu Hạo là Đế vương nhưng bị thay thế tên khác, đó là Hoàng Đế.
Sách của nước sở, gọi là Sở Từ (楚辭) nói đến Ngũ Đế như là các vị thần ở các phương:
· Thiếu Hạo (đông)
· Chuyên Húc (bắc)
· Hoàng Đế (trung)
· Phục Hi (tây)
· Thần Nông (nam)
Sách Lễ ký (禮記) đồng nhất Ngũ Đế với Ngũ Thị (五氏), bao gồm:
· Hữu Sào thị (有巢氏)
· Toại Nhân thị (燧人氏)
· Phục Hi thị (伏羲氏)
· Nữ Oa thị (女媧氏)
· Thần Nông thị (神農氏)
Hoàng Đế (黃帝) là ông vua ngoại tộc chỉ xuất hiện sau thế kỷ thứ hai và đầu thế kỷ thứ ba.
Vị Hoàng đế Trung Quốc đầu tiên trong lịch sử là Tần Thủy Hoàng, người đã tạo danh hiệu mới cho các vị quân chủ, vì ông cho rằng -- Chữ “Vương” đã có từ thời nhà Chu và đã bị các chư hầu của nước Sở lạm dụng xưng quyền, nên mới chọn lại tên mới là “Hoàng đế”, vì vậy, danh từ “Hoàng đế” chỉ mới có khi bắc đầu được từ Hán, và Hán văn là [皇帝].
Chữ viết Hán Tự này được tạo ra bằng cách lấy các chữ viết trước đó từ các triều đại Nhà Hạ, Nhà Thương, và nhà Chu, và kết hợp các danh hiệu Hoàng (皇) của Tam Hoàng với Đế (帝) của Ngũ Đế.
VÔ ĐỀ SÁNG CHỦ NHẬT 6/9/2020
https://www.youtube.com/embed/1zgOc2sgtCk
Bách Việt
Lạc Việt, Mân Việt
Khi Nguyễn Ánh lên ngôi, vua Gia Long cũng muốn lấy lại hai mảnh đất Quảng Đông Quảng Tây đó, do đó vua Gia Long đặt tên nước là Nam Việt, vì dưới thời nhà Thanh lúc đó Quảng Đông và Quảng Tây có cái tên là Đông Việt và Tây Việt. Vì vậy, vua Gia Long đặt tên là Nam Việt là để tạo căn bản có cơ sở để đòi lại hai miếng đất này.
Ngày hôm nay nước chúng ta có cái tên là "Việt Nam" cũng bắt nguồn từ cái khát vọng lấy lại từ hai miếng đất này.
Ngày hôm nay nước chúng ta có cái tên là "Việt Nam" cũng bắt nguồn từ cái khát vọng lấy lại từ hai miếng đất này.
bài hát Hỏi Cung Trăng
问 问月歌 Song
Ask The Moon
https://youtu.be/7xIupHTg8sw
|
|
Shang bị gọi là Sở! Còn một phần Shang khác đã bị Chu lấy đất
Phân tích và suy xét, sẽ thấy rằng -- Shang 商 vẫn tồn tại, và Shang bị gọi là Sở! Còn một phần Shang khác đã bị Chu lấy đất đó là một phần của Shang, như vậy có nghĩa là nước Shang bị đổi tên và tách ra, và Chu sợ rằng Shang còn tồn tại sẽ đòi đất, và cũng sợ dân chúng của Shang đã mất sẽ phục quốc, cho nên phải thêu dệt tội ác cho vua tên "Trụ 受" còn gọi là Đế Tân - 帝辛... trở thành một ông vua dâm ô ác độc, và kết quả là... cứ lâu lâu thêm một thời gian thì "Trụ" vương lại có thêm một hình thức dâm ô ác độc để dân gian kể cho nhau nghe chơi... và rồi lâu dần thì đủ để thành một truyện "Phong Thần" rất hấp dẫn trong dân gian... Đó là cách diễn giải lịch sử độc quyền của Chu để gạt hẳn văn hóa có sẵn của Văn-Lang hay Shang 商 qua một bên. .............................................. Nước Shang 商 bị tách rời ra, và rồi bị đổi tên khác -- là (Sở 楚). Shang bị gọi là Sở! Còn một phần Shang khác đã bị nhà Chu lấy đất, một sự cướp nước một cách 'nhẹ nhàng', 'kín đáo' chính vì nhà Chu lấy đất của Shang, sợ một phần của Shang còn tồn tại sẽ đòi đất, sẽ phục quốc, nên nhà Chu phải thêu dệt tội ác cho vua tên "Trụ 受", khiến người dân oán ghét và khinh bỉ. Sách sử ngày nay cho rằng Sở 楚 là một nước nào đó chư hầu của nhà Chu như bao nhiêu nước chư hầu khác, nhưng nước Sở chính là Shang / nhà Thang, nhà Thương/商 bị Chu cướp đất. Sở không phải chư hầu của nhà chu mà là Nước Shang 商 bị Chu tách rời ra và bị đổi tên khác. |
KQ
Có lần tôi bị choáng khi nghe một cán bộ CA nói "Việt Nam từ Trung Quốc mà ra" Giờ đọc bài này mới hiểu.Thì ra chẳng có khoa học,nghiên cứu gì cả mà chỉ là âm mưu dâng đất nước cho giặc tầu , "Việt Nam từ TQ mà ra" thì nay trở về với TQ là hợp lý quá,thật là một lủ khốn khiếp âm mưu thâm độc biến dân ta trở thành mất nguồn cội để dễ dàng dâng đất nước cho ngoại bang Phan duy kha hãy chết đi đừng nên sống nhục người VIỆT mà không biết sử VIỆT.Thích làm con dân Tầu thì qua Tầu mà ở đừng ở đây nói bậy.
Trả lờiXóachúng ta cần cảnh giác với những âm mưu thâm độc xảo quyệt này,hay thời gian giao đất gần kề nên bọn bán nước tìm cách lừa phỉnh nhân dân bằng chiêu mới.Rất cám ơn tác giả phản biện chính xác
4
Năm ngọn núi gắn liền văn hóa Đạo giáo và bốn ngọn núi gắn liền với văn hóa Phật giáo ở Trung thổ của Xích Thần và Xích Quỷ vùng Trung Nguyên của Bách Việt.